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Attosecond pulses created by high-order harmonic generation in gases often exhibit strong chromatic aberrations, arising from the broad bandwidth and wavelength-dependent nonlinear light-matter interaction. When the driving laser intensity varies spatially, as for Gaussian driving beams, the apparent source position of the harmonics differs significantly from one order to the next, thus affecting

BackgroundThe purpose was to evaluate the prognostic impact of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) genotypes in relation to lifestyle and adjuvant treatments in breast cancer.MethodsAHR genotyping was performed on genomic DNA from 1701 patients included 2002–2016 in Lund, Sweden, and followed for up to 15 years. Eight AHR polymorphisms and eight haplotypes were analysed using survival and interaction

Disruptions in circadian rhythm, partly controlled by the hormone melatonin, increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Accordingly, a variant of the gene encoding the melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) is robustly associated with increased risk of T2D. This single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; rs10830963; G-allele) is an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) in human pancreatic islets, conferri

Background During the last decade, evidence has emerged on selective glomerular hypofiltration syndromes (SGHS), defined by selectively reduced filtration of middle-sized molecules irrespective of kidney function and resulting in a low ratio between cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRcys/eGFRcr). We aimed to examine whether SGHS is a hallmark of premature k

Background: The global food system is a major contributor to climate change, accounting for about one-third of human-induced greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). Shifting toward plant-based diets offers potential benefits for both planetary health and chronic disease prevention. However, epidemiological evidence linking dietary GHGE to health outcomes remains limited and inconsistent. Objective: To ex

Context: Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is known to affect liver glycogenolysis, insulin, and glucagon secretion and pituitary ACTH release. We previously showed that high copeptin, the stable C-terminal fragment of AVP prohormone, is independently associated with hyperinsulinemia and future development of diabetes mellitus. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine whether plasma copeptin

Alcohol consumption is associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus, but little is known about whether alcohol consumption is associated with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cancer, which we attempt to clarify in this study. Individuals with alcohol use disorders were identified from the nation-wide Swedish Hospital Discharge Register and Outpatient Register, the Crime Regi

The validity of atrial fibrillation (AF) diagnoses in national registers for use as endpoints in prospective studies has not been evaluated. We studied the validity of AF diagnoses in Swedish national hospital discharge and cause of death registers and the occurrence of and risk factors for AF in a middle-aged Swedish population using these registers. Our study included the 30,447 individuals (age

High testosterone levels have been associated with breast cancer. BRCA1 may function as an androgen receptor (AR) co-regulator. We aimed to examine AR haplotype-tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (AR htSNPs) and diplotypes in relation to in vivo androgen levels, combined OC use, CAG and GGC genotypes, and BRCA1/2/X family status in 269 young healthy women from breast cancer high-risk families

PURPOSEHuman papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infection is causing an increasing number of oropharyngeal cancers in the United States and Europe. The aim of our study was to investigate whether HPV antibodies are associated with head and neck cancer risk when measured in prediagnostic sera. METHODSWe identified 638 participants with incident head and neck cancers (patients; 180 oral cancers, 135 oro

Welding fumes include agglomerated particles built up of primary nanoparticles. Particles inhaled through the nose will to some extent be deposited in the protein-rich nasal mucosa, and a protein corona will be formed around the particles. The aim was to identify the protein corona formed between nasal lavage proteins and four types of particles with different parameters. Two of the particles were

Objective: To examine the associations of measured anthropometric factors, including general and central adiposity, with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. Methods: In 93 incident EOC cases from a Swedish population-based prospective cohort study, seven anthropometric factors; height, weight, BMI, body fat percentage, waist- and hip circumference, and waist-hi

In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Ma et al. (2012) report a differentiation protocol for generating striatal projection neurons from human embryonic stem cells with high efficiency. The cells survive transplantation, reconnect striatal circuitry, and restore motor function in a mouse model of striatal neurodegeneration that mimics the central pathohology of Huntington's disease.

The Wnt signaling pathway is frequently deranged in colorectal cancer and is a key target for future preventive and therapeutic approaches. Colorectal cancers associated with the hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome are characterized by wide-spread microsatellite instability, but show few gross genomic alterations. We characterized expression of the Wnt signaling pathway mark

With the rising prevalence of both diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD), the aim of this project was to examine the association between dietary intake and lifestyle on the risk of developing PAD among individuals with DM. The Malmö Diet and Cancer study was a prospective cohort study with baseline examinations carried out between 1991 and 1996 in Malmö, Sweden (n = 30,446).

Germline mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 predispose individuals to a high risk of breast and ovarian cancer, and elevated risk of other cancers, including those of the pancreas and prostate. BRCA2 mutation carriers may have increased risk of uveal melanoma (UM) and cutaneous melanoma (CM), but associations with these cancers in BRCA1 mutation carriers have been mixed. Here, we further assessed whethe

Previous studies have suggested that thyroid function is associated with breast cancer risk, which could have an important clinical impact, as one in eight women will develop a thyroid disorder during her lifetime. However, the underlying pathomechanism behind the association is still unknown. We used the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (a population-based prospective study consisting of 17,035 women)

To identify common alleles associated with different histotypes of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), we pooled data from multiple genome-wide genotyping projects totaling 25,509 EOC cases and 40,941 controls. We identified nine new susceptibility loci for different EOC histotypes: six for serous EOC histotypes (3q28, 4q32.3, 8q21.11, 10q24.33, 18q11.2 and 22q12.1), two for mucinous EOC (3q22.3 and

Fibrotic disorders account for over one third of mortalities worldwide. Despite great efforts to study the cellular and molecular processes underlying fibrosis, there are currently few effective therapies. Dual-stage polymerization reactions are an innovative tool for recreating heterogeneous increases in extracellular matrix (ECM) modulus, a hallmark of fibrotic diseases in vivo. Here, we present