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In this Letter, we explore the use of thermodynamic length to improve the performance of experimental protocols. In particular, we implement Landauer erasure on a driven electron level in a semiconductor quantum dot, and compare the standard protocol in which the energy is increased linearly in time with the one coming from geometric optimization. The latter is obtained by choosing a suitable metr

Ischemic stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide and a major cause of disability. It takes place when the brain does not receive sufficient blood supply due to the blood clot in the vessels or narrowing of vessels’ inner space due to accumulation of fat products. Apart from thrombolysis (dissolving of blood clot) and thrombectomy (surgical removal of blood clot or widening of ves

Purpose: Biomedical data governance strategies should ensure that data are collected, stored, and used ethically and lawfully. However, research participants’ preferences for how data should be governed is least studied. The Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (DIRECT) project collected substantial amounts of health and genetic information from patients at risk of, and with type II diabete

OBJECTIVE: Maternal hemodynamics in pregnancy is associated with fetal growth and birth weight, which in turn is associated with offspring cardiovascular disease later in life. We therefore sought to quantify the extent to which birth weight is associated with cardiac structure and function in adolescence.METHODS: Participants (N=1,964, 55% females) from a UK birth cohort were examined with echoca

BACKGROUND: Women with history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are at increased risk of early onset cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to investigate the extent to which HDP is also associated with midlife development of T2D and hypertension above and beyond established risk factors.METHODS: We included parous women who attended population-based structured clin

The Covid Symptom Study, a smartphone-based surveillance study on COVID-19 symptoms in the population, is an exemplar of big data citizen science. As of May 23rd, 2021, over 5 million participants have collectively logged over 360 million self-assessment reports since its introduction in March 2020. The success of the Covid Symptom Study creates significant technical challenges around effective da

Objective: To explore whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features suggestive of knee osteoarthritis (OA) are associated with presence of knee pain in possible early-stage OA development. Methods: We included 294 participants from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (mean ± SD age 50 ± 3 years; 50% women) with baseline Kellgren/Lawrence grade of 0 in both knees, all of whom had received knee MRIs a

Background: Compression of the greater occipital nerve (GON) may contribute to chronic headache, neck pain, and migraine in a subset of patients. We aimed to evaluate whether GON decompression could reduce pain and improve quality of life in patients with occipital neuralgia and chronic headache and neck pain. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, selected patients with neck pain and headac

An interesting subset of nanoparticles is core-shell nanoparticles: encapsulating a core particle of one material with a shell of another material can be utilized to combine and even extend the properties of the respective material. Strategies to synthesize core-shell nanoparticles in the aerosol phase remain relatively unexplored, despite the benefit of the continuous, ambient pressure nature of

Over the last years, there have been huge research efforts in the synthesis of advanced nanoparticle heterostructures to promote their performance in photocatalysis.[1] Especially, the combination of metals with semiconductors has been identified as a potential approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity via efficient charge carrier separation enabled by plasmon- exciton coupling.[2] The physi

Analysis of the genomic landscape of prostate cancer has identified different molecular subgroups with relevance for novel or existing targeted therapies. The recent approvals of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors olaparib and rucaparib in the metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) setting signal the need to embed molecular diagnostics in the clinical pathway of pat

This overview of progress made in preventing post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) was delivered in a workshop at the Orthopaedics Research Society Annual Conference in 2019. As joint trauma is a major risk factor for OA, defining the molecular changes within the joint at the time of injury may enable the targeting of biological processes to prevent later disease. Animal models have been used to te

BackgroundThe active thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) has been found to have an estrogen-like effect on breast cancer cells. Thyroid hormone receptor alpha-2 (THRα-2) acts as an antagonist for triiodothyronine (T3) signaling, and a low expression has been associated with unfavorable tumor characteristics and a higher mortality in breast cancer. However, the evidence are not conclusive. The pr

Fracture nonunions are common in orthopedics and their treatment often involves multiple surgical interventions. The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize a gelatin-nano-hydroxyapatite membrane (GM)-based bone bandage for controlled delivery of bio-active molecules; recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) and zoledronic acid (ZA) to promote osteoinduction and prevent c

Background/Aim: Cervical cancer incidence and mortality has decreased after introduction of national screening in Sweden, but women with drug use disorders (DUD) are less likely to participate in screening programs. We aimed to investigate cervical cancer incidence and mortality among women with DUD compared to the general female population in Sweden. Methods: We conducted a cohort study based on

We apply two sparse reconstruction techniques, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and the sparse exponential mode analysis (SEMA), to two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy. The algorithms are first tested on model data, showing that both are able to reconstruct the spectra using only a fraction of the data required by the traditional Fourier-based estimator. Through the analys

Introduction: Adults with spinal cord injuries are living longer than previously, and a majority are living in ordinary housing in the community. Housing accessibility is important for maintaining independent occupational performance for this population, but knowledge in this area is insufficient. We investigated housing adaptations and current accessibility problems among older adults with long-s