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Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels have been used for detection and surveillance of prostate cancer (PCa). However, factors other than PCa - such as genetics - can impact PSA. Here we present findings from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of PSA in 28,503 Kaiser Permanente whites and 17,428 men from replication cohorts. We detect 40 genome-wide significant (P<5 × 10-8) single-nucleotide

BACKGROUND: Cadmium is a toxic metal and exposure is mainly from diet and tobacco smoke. Cadmium is accumulated in blood vessels and may reduce synthesis of procollagen and inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. High blood cadmium has been associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and unruptured intracranial aneurysms. We examined whether blood cadmium increas

De novo mutations (DNMs) are drivers of genetic disorders. However, the study of DNMs is hampered by technological limitations preventing accurate quantification of ultra-rare mutations. Duplex Sequencing (DS) theoretically has < 1 error/billion base-pairs (bp). To determine the DS utility to quantify and characterize DNMs, we analyzed DNA from blood and spermatozoa from six healthy, 18-year-old S

The amount of plastics released to the environment in modern days has increased substantially since the development of modern plastics in the early 1900s. As a result, concerns have been raised by the public about the impact of plastics on nature and on, specifically, aquatic wildlife. Lately, much attention has been paid to macro- and micro-sized plastics and their impact on aquatic organisms. Ho

While collision theory successfully describes the kinetics of chemical reactions, very little is known about the processes at the molecular level, especially if the reacting molecules are large. In this study, using single-molecule spectroscopy, we visually observed that collision between two conjugated polymer (CP) molecules in solution leads to simultaneous rupture of both chains. In addition to

Today risk analyses are commonly used by authorities at national, regional and municipal levels in their work to prevent and prepare for crises. The analyses provide information about types of incidents that can occur and the potential consequences of these events. In Sweden and Norway it is mandatory for local authorities to conduct risk and vulnerability analyses and use them as an input in thei

Context: Obesity is a frequent manifestation of hypothalamic damage from a craniopharyngioma (CP). It is not yet clarified whether the obesity is due to alterations in energy expenditure, i.e. basal metabolic rate (BMR) and physical activity, or to increased energy intake (EI). Objective: The aim was to investigate whether energy expenditure and EI differed between childhood onset CP patients and

Polyoxometalates (POMs) and their instrinsic discrete nature has enabled them to support a wide range of research spanning solution-speciation chemistry, biological/medical assays, catalytic processes and fundamental crystallography. The structure-property relationship of POMs are a consequence of their constiuent metal atoms, which inevitably are formed under specific regimes - for simplicity, ac

Background and objective: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer and a leading cause of death among males. In this systematic review we evaluated cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the relationship between dietary patterns and PC risk, progression, mortality, and biomarkers. Methods: A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central was conducted th

Introduction: Two large multicentre European hospital networks have estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 since 2021. Aim: We aimed to measure VE against PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalised severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients≥20 years, combining data from these networks during Alpha (March–June)- and Delta (June–December)dominant periods, 2021. Methods: Forty-six

Objectives: The objective was to explore if adverse events during radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer were associated with oncological outcomes. A further objective was to identify risk factors for adverse events. Methods: A post-hoc study nested in a prospective, controlled trial of radical prostatectomy by robot assisted laparoscopic or open retropubic approach in Sweden. Adverse events du

Rationally designing and fabricating high-performance core–shell nanostructures for catalytic organic synthesis is significant yet challenging. Here, we report a solvothermal/calcination strategy to prepare novel core–shell iron–aluminum oxide (FeAlOx) nanosphere-based nanoreactors incorporating active heterometals (AHM = Pd, Cu, or Mn). Leveraging the synergistic benefits of their unique core–she

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer (PC) and dementia may commonly co-occur; yet, prior evidence for bidirectional associations is inconsistent. This study aims to determine the associations between PC and dementia in large population-based studies, which may further inform clinical care. METHODS: To assess the dementia risk in men with PC, a national cohort study was conducted in 178 746 me

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), a severe and sometimes life-threatening disease characterized by viral invasion of the central nervous system with symptoms of neuroinflammation1,2. As with other orthoflaviviruses—enveloped, arthropod-borne RNA viruses—host factors required for TBEV entry remain poorly defined. Here we used a genome-scale CRISPR–Cas9-based

Nanoreactors have attracted extensive research and attention in the field of catalysis due to their unique surface/interface structures and physicochemical properties. However, conventional nanoreactors have limited catalytic performance due to the confinement of their active components in the “nanochamber”. Herein, low-content active metal (AM, AM = Pd, Cu) decorated yolk-shelled FeCoNiOx (AM/FeC

Let v1 and v2 be two distinct vertices of an equilateral tree T0. Let ϕN(i) (i=1,2) be the characteristic functions of the Sturm-Liouville problem on T0 rooted at vi with Neumann conditions at the root and let ϕD(i) (i=1,2) be the characteristic functions of the Sturm-Liouville problem on T0 with Dirichlet conditions at the root. We prove that if attaching any tree to T0 at the vertices v1 and v2

While pregnancy clearly reduces the risk for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) onset, we know less about the impact on AUD risk of having young children and how these effects vary across maternal age and level of maternal AUD genetic risk. Therefore, in 1.2 million parous Swedish women born 1960-1995, we examined those with a first registration for AUD between ages 15-40 while first pregnant, or while ra