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Exposure to fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) is emerging as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but existing studies are still limited and heterogeneous. We have previously studied the association between dementia (AD and vascular dementia) and PM2.5 stemming from vehicle exhaust and wood-smoke in the Betula cohort in Northern Sweden. The aim of this commentary is to estimate the ass
Background Female sex workers (FSW), due to their working conditions, have an increased likelihood of heavy episodic drinking (HED), which is associated with risky sexual behavior. Nevertheless the specific contribution of HED to risky sexual behavior among FSWs in Ethiopia is not well documented for prevention activities. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the determinants and con
BACKGROUND: The use of technology has the potential to support the patient´s active participation regarding treatment of hypertension. This might lead to changes in the roles of the patient and health care professional and affect the partnership between them.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the partnership between patients and health care professionals and the roles of p
Cities currently harbour more than half of the world's human population and continued urban expansion replaces natural landscapes and increases habitat fragmentation. The impacts of urbanisation on biodiversity have been extensively studied in some parts of the world, but there is limited information from South Asia, despite the rapid expansion of cities in the region. Here, we present the results
In a recent paper, “Environmental DNA: What's behind the term? Clarifying the terminology and recommendations for its future use in biomonitoring,” Pawlowski et al. argue that the term eDNA should be used to refer to the pool of DNA isolated from environmental samples, as opposed to only extra-organismal DNA from macro-organisms. We agree with this view. However, we are concerned that their propos
Understanding piezotronic correlated carrier recombination behavior in quantum wells is essential for their applications. In this work, we have studied the influence of piezotronics on carrier recombination processes in single InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells microwire (MQW-MW) by using steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies. We conclude that mechanical strain induced piezotronics promotes
The anti-greenhouse gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) is mainly emitted by algae and accounts for more than half of the total natural flux of gaseous sulfur to the atmosphere, strongly reducing the solar radiation and thereby the temperature on Earth. However, the relationship between phytoplankton biomass and DMS emissions is debated and inconclusive. Our study presents field observations from 100 freshw
Background: Stroke has a high burden of disease in women, and adverse pregnancy outcomes have been identified as important risk factors for stroke later in life. However, long-term risks of stroke associated with preterm delivery and whether such risks are attributable to familial confounding are unclear. Such knowledge is needed to improve long-term risk assessment and stroke prevention in women.
As the use of engineered nanomaterials increases, so does the risk of them spreading to natural ecosystems. Hitherto, knowledge regarding the toxic properties of nanoparticles (NP’s) and their potential interactions with natural bio-organic molecules adsorbed to them, and thereby forming surface coronas, is limited. However, we show here that the toxic effect of NPs of tungsten carbide cobalt (WC–
Using grazing incidence X-rays and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy during the mass transfer limited catalytic oxidation of CO, the long-range surface structure of Pd(100) was investigated. Under the reaction conditions of 50:4 O2 to CO, 300 mbar pressure, and temperatures between 200 and 450 °C, the surface structure resulting from oxidation and the subsequent oxide reduction was elucidated. The
DNA damage and unrepaired or insufficiently repaired DNA double-strand breaks as well as telomere shortening contribute to the formation of structural chromosomal aberrations (CAs). Non-specific CAs have been used in the monitoring of individuals exposed to potential carcinogenic chemicals and radiation. The frequency of CAs in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) has been associated with cancer ri
The association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and ischemic heart disease (IHD) is well established but the potential causal association needs further studying. In an attempt to elucidate the causal effect of T2D on IHD, we used three different analytical approaches in two different datasets. A well-defined cohort of 6047 women aged 50–59 years were included at baseline (1995 to 2000) and followed
Background and aim: Having a family member with an alcohol use disorder (AUD) may negatively affect a person's health. Our aim was to study the long-term risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in parents who have an offspring with AUD. Design: Cohort study with Cox regression models and co-sibling analyses. Setting: Sweden. Participants: From population registers, we selected all parent-offspring pa
Quantum dot based parity-to-charge conversion is a promising method for reading out quantum information encoded nonlocally into pairs of Majorana zero modes. To obtain a sizable parity-to-charge visibility, it is crucial to tune the relative phase of the tunnel couplings between the dot and the Majorana modes appropriately. However, in the presence of multiple quasidegenerate dot orbitals, it is i
Objective: To determine the serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae associated with mucosal infections in patients of all ages, 2 to 4 years after the transition from a 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) to PCV13 in the childhood immunization programme. Methods: Background information and antimicrobial susceptibility data regarding all respirato
As a classical polymer acceptor material, N2200 has received extensive attention and research in the field of polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, the intrinsic properties of ground- and excited-states in N2200, which are critical for the application of N2200 in PSCs, remain poorly understood. In this work, the ground- and excited-state properties of N2200 solution and film were studied by steady-
Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the mediational pathways from genetic risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) to AUD itself. Method: Using information on AUD status from first-through fourth-degree relatives obtained from national registries, we created a genetic risk score for AUD for the Swedish population. We first tested a simple mediational path model in males and females sepa
Aim: We aimed to estimate the risk of hearing impairment in children and adolescents with foreign-born parents, compared to natives. Methods: A nationwide study of 1,923,590 (51.4% boys) individuals aged 0–17 years of age in Sweden. Hearing impairment was defined as at least one registered diagnosis in the National Patient Register between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2015. We used Cox regressio
When measuring inequality using conventional inequality measures, ethical assumptions about distributional preferences are often implicitly made. In this paper, we ask whether the ethical assumptions underlying the concentration index for income-related health inequality and the Gini index for income inequality are supported in a representative sample of the Swedish population using an internet-ba
The genetic background of lupus nephritis (LN) has not been completely elucidated. We performed a case-only study of 2886 SLE patients, including 947 (33%) with LN. Renal biopsies were available from 396 patients. The discovery cohort (Sweden, n = 1091) and replication cohort 1 (US, n = 962) were genotyped on the Immunochip and replication cohort 2 (Denmark/Norway, n = 833) on a custom array. Pati
