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We investigated the predictive performance of peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measures of both calf muscle density (an established surrogate for muscle adiposity, with higher values indicating lower muscle adiposity and higher muscle quality) and size (cross-sectional area [CSA]) for incident fracture. pQCT (Stratec XCT2000/3000) measurements at the tibia were undertaken in Oste
Optimal stomatal theory predicts that stomata operate to maximise photosynthesis (Anet) and minimise transpirational water loss to achieve optimal intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). We tested whether this theory can predict stomatal responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2), and whether it can capture differences in responsiveness among woody plant functional types (PFTs). We conducted a me
English Medium Instruction in Multilingual and Multicultural Universities analyses the issues related to EMI at both a local and international level and provides a broad perspective on this topic. Drawing on field studies from a Northern European context and based primarily on research carried out at the University of Copenhagen, this book:• introduces a topical global issue that is central to the
Food systems transformation is critical for meeting our climate goals, and for ensuring individual health and food security by boosting resilience to external shocks. We face the challenge of producing enough nutritious food for our growing global population, whilst reducing our environmental impact at a time of increased competition and scarcity of resources. Protein diversification can play an i
Background: The impact of pre-antiretroviral treatment (ART) HIV-RNA on time to successful virological suppression and subsequent failure in HIV patients remains poorly investigated. Methods: We used the Swedish InfCareHIV database and the Danish HIV Cohort Study to evaluate impact of pre-ART HIV-RNA on primary virological suppression (HIV-RNA < 50copies/ml) and risk of secondary virological failu
Septic lung damage is associated with endothelial cell and neutrophil activation. This study examines the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase midline 1 (Mid1) in abdominal sepsis. Mid1 expression was increased in endothelial cells derived from post-capillary venules in septic mice and TNF-α challenge increased Mid1 levels in endothelial cells in vitro. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of Mid1 decreased TN
BACKGROUND: The study aimed to show the relationship between a large number of circulating metabolites and subsequent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and subclinical markers of CVD in the general population. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 2278 individuals free from CVD in the EpiHealth study (aged 45–75 years, mean age 61 years, 50% women), 790 annotated nonxenobiotic metabolites were measured by mass spect
Evidence suggests that single photon absorptiometry (SPA)-measured forearm bone mineral density (BMD) is lower in contemporary children in Malmö than it was four decades ago, but the fracture incidence in the at-risk population (all Malmö children) has been stable during the same period. The aim of this study was to evaluate if improvements in skeletal structure over time may explain this observat
BackgroundLow- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Bangladesh, are experiencing a nutritional transition characterized by rising unhealthy food consumption (UFC), which increases the risk of nutrient deficiencies and chronic diseases in children. Despite this concern, research on UFC among Bangladeshi children aged 6–23 months is limited. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the preva
This study explored a new method for nursing staff's work with collaborative violence risk management, to be used in forensic psychiatric inpatient settings. The components of the method, the background to, and the rationale for collaborative risk management in forensic mental health settings were outlined. An inductive content analysis of 50 of these collaborative violence risk management plans w
Background and purpose: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by progressively destructive polyarthritis. Key autoimmune features include the presence of autoantibodies. The purpose of this review is to discuss the diagnostic and prognostic properties of rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA), based on current use in Swe
OBJECTIVE: To qualitatively explore the perceptions of Para athletes, coaches and stakeholders of the implementation, use and effects of the health promotion intervention 'Safe and Healthy Para sport' (SHAPE). A secondary aim was to explore participants' perceptions of how safety and health in Para sport could be further developed.METHODS: As part of a process evaluation, this qualitative, descrip
IntroductionUse of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) for more than 15 h per day does not reduce mortality or hospitalizations, but may increase the risk of adverse events. We evaluated the relationship between daily oxygen use duration and adverse events, symptoms, and health status in patients on LTOT.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional survey study of a random sample (N = 650) of adults with ongoing
Background: Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), an eosinophil granule protein, is a candidate biomarker in asthma to reflect eosinophilic activation. Objective: We sought to characterize the distribution of serum and nasal lavage fluid (NLF) EDN levels in different adult population subgroups and assess the determinants of high EDN levels. Methods: Serum and NLF samples were collected from a popul
