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Politeness in Japanese has been the subject of many linguistic inquiries. Overarching these is Brown and Levinson's (1987) influential but also criticized (see Matsumoto, 1988; Ide 1992) theory on politeness as a cross-linguistic factor. By looking into the desu/masu-form and how it contrasts the so called plain form in Japanese, I will show that some of the criticism is misplaced, partly due

In recent years there has been an intensive discussion about how Sweden should be organized in the future. At the turn of 2010/2011six Halland communes formed Region Halland. In this thesis the changes of the Swedish state space are studied through a theoretical approach which focuses on the spatial selectivity. By the concept of spatial selectivity the political-economic aspects of spatial chang

The last decades has seen a development in the international arena towards new norms, designed to protect civilians during humanitarian crises. This notion became known as the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and has established itself since the turn of the millennia. At the same time we can observe a change in the behavior during war by the western powers, where territorial conquest no longer is t

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Drunkningsrisk för skogen? Att mängden vatten i marken är viktig för att granen ska kunna ha så god tillväxt som möjligt är ingen nyhet. Är det för fuktigt drunknar rötterna, på grund av att de inte får en tillräckligt mycket syre. I denna studie har två markberedningsmetoder, högläggning och ingen markberedning, jämförts för att se vilket alternativ som är mestNorway spruce is a coniferous tree with many different fields of application. For an example, they are used as Christmas trees, decoration and as timber or pulpwood. The reason why many foresters in Sweden tend to choose spruce as their main species for plantation is partly because of their fast growth rate and partly because the main products are derived from the actual tree trunks. In the forest

This essay investigates Swedish labour law concerning the rules of priority and their relation to the parts of labour market. The study focuses on the requirements that both parts have to take in consideration regarding dismissals upon redundancy. From an employer’s point of view it is obligations according to the law, but also the privileges that a position of an employer provides. In relation to

This study contributes to the literature discussing food security in China. This study holds food security to rest on two complementary dimensions: food availability and food accessibility. This study looks at both dimensions. It examines the food availability dimension by evaluating the effects of government’s expenditures on agricultural science & technology on China’s grain output. Running

Long interspersed nuclear element 1 (L1) retrotransposons represent a vast source of genetic variability. However, mechanistic analysis of whether and how L1s contribute to human developmental programs is lacking, in part due to the challenges associated with specific profiling and manipulation of human L1 expression. Here, we show that thousands of hominoid-specific L1 integrants are expressed in

We compare different procedures for combining fixed-order tree-level matrix element generators with parton showers. We use the case of W-production at the Tevatron and the LHC to compare different implementations of the so-called CKKW scheme and one based on the so-called MLM scheme using different matrix element generators and different parton cascades. We find that although similar results are o

OBJECTIVE Degenerative cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a major cause of spinal cord dysfunction with an unpredictable prognosis. Βiomarkers reflecting pathophysiological processes in CSM have been insufficiently investigated. It was hypothesized that preoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels are altered in patients with CSM and correlate with neurological status and outcome.

Analyzes research and innovation in the European Union against the backdrop of the COVID pandemic, Brexit, global challenges and a changing international landscape.

Open-Source Software (OSS) is increasingly used by software applications. It allows for code reuse, but also comes with the problem of potentially being affected by the vulnerabilities that are found in the OSS libraries. With large numbers of OSS components and a large number of published vulnerabilities, it becomes challenging to identify and analyze which OSS components need to be patched and u

Clinical expertise has since 1891 a Swedish counterpart in proven experience. This study aims to increase our understanding of clinicians’ views of their professional expertise, both as a source or body of knowledge and as a skill or quality. We examine how Swedish healthcare personnel view their expertise as captured by the (legally and culturally relevant) Swedish concept of “proven experience,”Clinical expertise has since 1891 a Swedish counterpart in proven experience. This study aims to increase our understanding of clinicians’ views of their professional expertise, both as a source or body of knowledge and as a skill or quality. We examine how Swedish healthcare personnel view their expertise as captured by the (legally and culturally relevant) Swedish concept of “proven experience,”

Microbial stoichiometry has become a key aspect in ecological research as shifts in microbial C:N, C:P and N:P ratios upon nutrient addition are presumed to give insight into relative nutrient limitations for soil microorganisms–with far-reaching implications for biogeochemical processes. However, this expectation has never been tested against direct methods of microbial growth responses to nutrie