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BACKGROUND: By causing inflammation and tissue damage, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) constitute an underlying mechanism of aspiration-induced lung injury, a major factor of the low utilization of donor lungs in lung transplantation (LTx).METHOD: To determine whether NET removal during ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) can restore lung function and morphology in aspiration-damaged lungs, gastri
Amyloid fibrils have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, the most prevalent example being Alzheimer's disease (AD). Despite the prevalence of AD, relatively little is known about the structure of the associated amyloid fibrils. This has motivated our studies of fibril structures, extended here to the familial Arctic mutant of Aβ1-42, E22G-Aβ1-42. We found E22
Micron-sized aluminum (Al) particles have recently been proposed as promising carbon-free energy carriers. To facilitate the application of micron-sized Al particles as fuel in practical energy generation system, this study experimentally investigates the underlying mechanisms of the ignition, stabilization and particle-particle collision in lifted Al particle cloud flames. High-resolution shadowg
With the explosive growth of communication traffic, increasing the modulation bandwidth of semiconductor lasers has attracted significant attention. However, after rapid progress is achieved, further increasing the modulation bandwidth of semiconductor lasers is hampered by the slow charge-carrier dynamics. Here, a room temperature, single-mode perovskite nanolaser with sub-picosecond pulses, enab
INTRODUCTION: Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) effectively colonizes the human nasopharynx, but can migrate to other host sites, causing infections such as pneumonia and sepsis. Previous studies indicate that pneumococci grown as biofilms have phenotypes of bacteria associated with colonization whereas bacteria released from biofilms in response to changes in the local environment (i.e.
Increasing recognition of germline DDX41 variants in patients with hematological malignancies prompted us to provide DDX41-specific recommendations for diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment. Causative germline variants in the DDX41 predispose to the development of myeloid neoplasms (MNs), especially myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Almost 3%–5% of all patients with
Cushioned lipid bilayers are structures consisting of a lipid bilayer supported on a solid substrate with an intervening layer of soft material. They offer possibilities for studying the behavior and interactions of biological membranes more accurately under physiological conditions. In this work, we continue our studies of cushion formation induced by histatin 5 (24Hst5), focusing on the effect o
Dynamic restructuring of silver catalysts during the industrial conversion of methanol to formaldehyde leads to surface faceting and pinhole formation. Subsequent sintering under reaction conditions, followed by increased pressure drop and decreased catalyst activity requires catalyst bed replacement after several months of operation. This necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the bulk cat
BACKGROUND: Creatinine-based equations are the most used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI), the re-expressed Lund-Malmö Revised (r-LMR) and the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equations are the most validated. The EKFC and r-LMR equations have been suggested to have better performances in young adults, but this
Environmentally friendly InP-based quantum dots (QDs) are promising for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and display applications. So far, the synthesis of highly emitting InP-based QDs via safe and economically viable amine-phosphine remains a challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis of amine-phosphine based InP/ZnSe/ZnS QDs by introducing an alloyed oxidation-free In-ZnSe transition layer (TL) at
Oligomeric species arising during the aggregation of α-synuclein are implicated as a major source of toxicity in Parkinson’s disease, and thus a major potential drug target. However, both their mechanism of formation and role in aggregation are largely unresolved. Here we show that, at physiological pH and in the absence of lipid membranes, α-synuclein aggregates form by secondary nucleation,
Functional amyloids formed by the protein FapC in Pseudomonas bacteria are key structural components of Pseudomonas biofilms, which mediate chronic infections and also contribute to antimicrobial resistance. Here, we combine kinetic experiments with mechanistic modelling to probe the role of surfaces in FapC functional amyloid formation. We find that nucleation of new fibrils is predominantly hete
Effectively identifying deviations in real-world medical time-series data is a critical endeavor, essential for early surveillance of disease outbreaks. This paper demonstrates the integration of time-series anomaly detection techniques to develop surveillance systems for disease outbreaks. Utilizing data from Sweden's telephone counseling service (1177), we first illustrate the trends in physical
Objective: To investigate the feasibility of using neutron tomography to gain new knowledge of human articular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis (OA). Different sample preparation techniques were evaluated to identify maximum intra-tissue contrast. Design: Human articular cartilage samples from 14 deceased donors (18–75 years, 9 males, 5 females) and 4 patients undergoing total knee replace
Introduction: Information about autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity may offer insights about atrial fibrillation (AF) progression and support personalized AF treatment but is not easily accessible from the ECG. In this study, we propose a new approach for ECG-based assessment of respiratory modulation in atrioventricular (AV) nodal refractory period and conduction delay. Methods: A 1-dimension
Objectives To determine the incidence rate (IR) of myocardial infarction (MI), relative risk of MI, and impact of incident MI on mortality in individuals with biopsy-confirmed giant cell arteritis (GCA). Methods MIs in individuals diagnosed with GCA 1998-2016 in Skåne, Sweden were identified by searching the SWEDEHEART register, a record of all patients receiving care for MI in a coronary care uni
Corrosion results in large costs and environmental impact but can be controlled by thin oxide films that passivate the metal surfaces and hinder further oxidation or dissolution in an aqueous environment. The structure, chemistry, and thickness of these oxide films play a significant role in determining their anti-corrosion properties and the early-stage oxidation dynamics affect the properties of
In the last years, the use of pluripotent stem cells in studies of human biology has grown exponentially. These cells represent an infinite source for differentiation into several human cell types facilitating the investigation on biological processes, functionality of cells, or diseases mechanisms in relevant human models. In the neurobiology field, pluripotent stem cells have been extensively us
Early and correct diagnosis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) poses a clinical challenge due to the multifaceted nature of symptoms, which also may change over time. The aim of this study was to perform protein expression profiling of four systemic IRDs, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), ANCA-associated systemic vasculitis (SV), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and
