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Blind or low-vision (BLV) individuals often have reduced independent mobility, yet new aids fails in increasing it, are not adopted enough, or both. A major cause is a severe deficiency in how mobility aids are assessed in the field: there are no established methods or measures and those used often have poor relevancy, insight affordances, and reproducibility; probing how actual BLV participants r

Starting from a single layer of NbS2 grown on graphene by molecular beam epitaxy, the single unit cell thick 2D materials Nb5/3S3-2D and Nb2S3-2D are created using two different pathways. Either annealing under sulfur-deficient conditions at progressively higher temperatures or deposition of increasing amounts of Nb at elevated temperature result in phase-pure Nb5/3S3-2D followed by Nb2S3-2D. The

Two ultimately thin vanadium-rich 2D materials based on VS2 are created via molecular beam epitaxy and investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The controlled synthesis of stoichiometric single-layer VS2 or either of the two vanadium-rich materials is achieved by varying the sample coverage and sulfur pres

Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in the tumor microenvironment are prognostically beneficial in many solid cancer types. Reports on TLS in high-grade serous tubo-ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) are few, and the prognostic impact is unclear. We investigated mature TLS (mTLS), immature TLS (iTLS) and lymphoid aggregates (LA) in primary adnexal tumors (PTs) and synchronous omental/peritoneal metastases (p

In this study, a report is prepared on significantly low specific contact resistivity of alloyed and non-alloyed ohmic contacts fabricated on an as-grown n+-GaN layer and measured with the transfer length method. A low ρc = 8 × 10−8 Ω cm2 is extracted for the alloyed Ti/Al/Ni/Au, and ρc = 4 × 10−7 Ω cm2 for the unannealed Ti/Pd/Au. To achieve these, a highly doped n+-GaN layer with ND = 1.5 × 1019

In clinical practice, the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), a measurement of kidney functioning, is normally calculated using equations, such as the European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equation. Despite being the most general equation, EKFC, just like previously proposed approaches, can still struggle to achieve satisfactory performance, limiting its clinical applicability. As a possible so

Background: Tissue factor (TF), encoded by the F3 gene, is the main initiator of blood coagulation. The molecular epidemiology of the F3 gene and the relation to venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains to be determined. Objectives: The aim was to determine the molecular epidemiology and the importance of F3 variants for incident VTE by analysis of the population-based MDC study (Malmö Diet and Cancer

Obesity and cardiometabolic disease often, but not always, coincide. Distinguishing subpopulations within which cardiometabolic risk diverges from the risk expected for a given body mass index (BMI) may facilitate precision prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. Accordingly, we performed unsupervised clustering in four European population-based cohorts (N ≈ 173,000). We detected five discordant p

Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is employed to study in real time the chemical reactions occurring on (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 (ACIGSe) surfaces during the first atomic layer deposition (ALD) cycle of HfOx under realistic synthesis conditions by using tetrakisdimethylamido-hafnium (TDMA-Hf) and H2O precursors. We find that the initial deposition due to surface reactions of HfOx ALD on A

X-ray ptychography provides the highest resolution non-destructive imaging at synchrotron radiation facilities, and the efficiency of this method is crucial for coping with limited experimental time. Recent advancements in multi-beam ptychography have enabled larger fields of view, but spatial resolution for large 3D samples remains constrained by their thickness, requiring consideration of multip

Background: Prostate cancer therapy with surgical or chemical castration with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists has been linked to elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels, which may contribute to secondary health disorders, including atherosclerosis and diabetes. Although recent findings suggest a role for FSH beyond the reproductive system, its metabolic impact remains unc

Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), formed via lipid vesicle adsorption on highly curved silica surfaces, are widely used in biosensor applications and as models for curved cell membranes. However, SLB formation is often hindered on convex structures with radii comparable to the vesicles. In this study, lightguiding semiconductor nanowires (NWs), engineered for fluorescence signal enhancement, were u

Air pollution and exposure to fine airborne particles with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) negatively impacts human health. Airways constitute a primary route of exposure but PM2.5-contaminated food, drinks as well as mucociliary and hepatobiliary clearance all constitute potential entry points into the intestine. This study evaluated intestinal histopathological and inflammatory changes as w

We compared vaccine effectiveness against severe COVID-19 between December 2021 and March 2022 when Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 were the dominating SARS-CoV-2 variants in Scania county, Sweden. Effectiveness remained above 80% after the transition from BA.1 to BA.2 among people with at least three vaccine doses but the point estimate decreased markedly to 54% among those with only two doses. Protection

Strupfladder och flämtandning är några av tricken som fåglar tar till för att överleva höga temperaturer. I en allt varmare framtid kanske det inte räcker, skriver fågelforskarna Andreas Nord och Susan J. Cunningham.

BACKGROUND Exome sequencing in hundreds of thousands of persons may enable the identification of rare protein-coding genetic variants associated with protection from human diseases like liver cirrhosis, providing a strategy for the discovery of new therapeutic targets. METHODS We performed a multistage exome sequencing and genetic association analysis to identify genes in which rare protein-coding

Gastric cancer is a serious health problem worldwide. Although its incidence is decreasing, the five-year survival rate remains low. Thus, it is essential to identify new biomarkers that could promote better diagnosis and treatment of patients with gastric cancer. High-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) is a non-histone, chromatin-binding protein that has been found overexpressed in several tumor ty

Reduced glomerular filtration rate defines chronic kidney disease and is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), combining data across 133,413 individuals with replication in up to 42,166 individuals. We identify 24 new and confirm 29 previously identified loci. Of these

The consecutive binding of two potassium ions to a bis(18-crown-6) analogue of Tröger’s base (BCETB) in water was studied by isothermal titration calorimetry using four different salts, KCl, KI, KSCN, and K2SO4. A counterintuitive result was observed: the enthalpy change associated with the binding of the second ion is more negative than that of the first (ΔH°bind,2 < ΔH°bind,1). This remarkable f