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Background: Testing for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in blood are widely used and associated with prostate cancer risk and outcome. After puberty, PSA levels increase by age and multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been found to be associated with PSA levels. However, the relationship between the effects of SNPs and age on PSA remains unknown. Methods: To test for SNP × a

The β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in all stages of T cell development. Nemo-like kinase (NLK) is an evolutionary conserved serine/threonine kinase and a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. NLK can directly phosphorylate histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), as well as T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer-binding factor (TCF/LEF), causing subsequent repression of target g

It has been suggested that high intake of added sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) increase the level of circulating inflammatory proteins and that chronic inflammation plays a role in type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. We aim to examine how added sugar and SSB intake associate with 136 measured plasma proteins and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the Malmö Diet and Cancer-Cardiovascular Cohort

Three new cobalt complexes of the general formula [Co(II)(L)(CH3CN)]2+, where L is one of three pentadentate nitrogen-donor ligands based on the N4Py framework, have been synthesized and characterized. The capacity of the three complexes to effect photocatalytic proton reduction has been examined. Their photocatalytic activities in the presence of [Ru(bpy)3]2+, acting as a photosensitizer, and asc

Objectives To determine the incidence rate (IR) and predictors of myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) as well as to estimate the IR ratio (IRR) of MI in AAV versus the background population. Methods 325 patients diagnosed with AAV 1997-2016 in Skåne, Sweden were included. Data were collected from the time of AAV dia

The metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) dynamics of beta-gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) growth using trimethylgallium (TMGa) and oxygen as precursors were investigated through both theoretical thermodynamic analysis and experimental validation in a horizontal low-pressure hot-wall reactor. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that high-purity β-Ga2O3 can be grown through the complete combustion of

Heterogeneous integration of III-V narrow bandgap transistors on silicon technology is desirable for high frequency circuit implementations. Such high-speed transistors must, however, scale to large gate widths to be suitable for general circuit design. Averaging among many variable channels is a key challenge for nanowire devices. A simplified, but high-speed compatible, nanowire device process w

We report a Mueller matrix ellipsometer design using dual continuously rotating anisotropic meta wave plates, which determines the full set of Mueller matrix elements in the terahertz spectral range. The instrument operates in the frequency domain and employs a frequency tunable, solid state synthesizer based, continuous wave terahertz source with sub-MHz bandwidth. The implemented source permits

Objective: To assess the proportion of participants reconsidering their willingness to undergo surgery after 3 and 12 months. Secondary aims were to analyze and compare the characteristics of individuals willing and unwilling to undergo joint surgery for osteoarthritis (OA) before a first-line intervention, and to study the association between pain intensity, walking difficulties, self-efficacy, a

Astrocytes are essential cells for normal brain functionality and have recently emerged as key players in many neurological diseases. However, the limited availability of human primary astrocytes for cell culture studies hinders our understanding of their physiology and precise role in disease development and progression. Here, we describe a detailed step-by-step protocol to rapidly and efficientl

Recent advances in genome editing have brought new hopes for personalized and precision medicine but have also dramatically facilitated disease modeling studies. Combined with reprogramming approaches, stem cells and differentiation toward neural lineages, genome engineering holds great potential for regenerative approaches and to model neurological disorders. The use of patient-specific induced p

Depression is a common, recurrent disorder. There is a need for readily available treatments with few negative side effects, that demands little resources and that are effective both in the short- and long term. Our aim was to investigate the long-term effectiveness of two different interventions; physical exercise and internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (internet-CBT), compared to usual

Three-dimensional brain organoids have emerged as a valuable model system for studies of human brain development and pathology. Here we establish a midbrain organoid culture system to study the developmental trajectory from pluripotent stem cells to mature dopamine neurons. Using single cell RNA sequencing, we identify the presence of three molecularly distinct subtypes of human dopamine neurons w

Objective: We evaluated whether patient-reported outcome trajectories (i.e., changes over time) differed by intraoperative compartmental cartilage lesion pattern over 4–6 years following arthroscopic meniscal surgery. Methods: In this ancillary study of the Knee Arthroscopy Cohort Southern Denmark cohort, we intraoperatively categorized cartilage lesions as isolated patellofemoral, isolated tibiof

Background: Despite intense research, the prognosis for patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) remains poor. The prostaglandin D2 receptors DP1 and DP2 are explored here as potential therapeutic targets for advanced CRC. Methods: A CRC cohort was analysed to determine whether DP1 and DP2 receptor expression correlates with patient survival. Four colon cancer cell lines and a zebrafish meta

Background and aims: The precursor peptide of vasopressin, copeptin, has previously been linked to increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and cardiovascular mortality. Whether elevated copeptin is associated with markers of atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis in the general population is not known. Methods: In this population-based, cross-sectional study, coronary

Production of red blood cells relies on proper mitochondrial function, both for their increased energy demands during differentiation and for proper heme and iron homeostasis. Mutations in genes regulating mitochondrial function have been reported in patients with anemia, yet their pathophysiological role often remains unclear. PGC1β is a critical coactivator of mitochondrial biogenesis, with incr

Aggregation of α-synuclein is associated with neurodegeneration and a hallmark pathology in synucleinopathies. These aggregates are thought to function as prion-like particles where the conformation of misfolded α-synuclein determines the traits of the induced pathology, similar to prion diseases. Still, little is known about the molecular targets facilitating the conformation-specific biological

Objective: The antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides are heterogeneous disorders. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize subgroups of patients based on sex, ANCA, age at diagnosis, and organ involvement. Methods: In total, 1,167 patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) were retrospectively recruited to the s