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Background: Lung transplant patients experience a high risk of airway infections and microbial colonization of the lung due to constant exposure to the environment through inhaled microorganisms, denervation, reduced ciliary transport, and decreased cough. Methods: In this nationwide prospective study on Swedish lung transplant patients, we evaluated the microbiological panorama of bacteria, fungi
Photoionization with a single photon is one of the fundamental processes in nature, in which one electron is ripped away from its atom. Traditionally studied in the energy domain, this process was believed to be instantaneous, but recent advances in the production of attosecond pulses (1 as 10−18 s) in the eXtreme UltraViolet (XUV) have renewed interest in understanding the temporal aspects of ele
Background: Tendons are a crucial component of the musculoskeletal system and responsible for transmission forces derived from muscle to bone. Patients with tendon injuries are often observed with decreased collagen production and matrix degeneration, and healing of tendon injuries remains a challenge as a result of limited understanding of tendon biology. Recent studies highlight the contribution
Objectives: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare disease carrying a risk of death and chronic heart failure.It is unknown if women with PPCM have a family history of heart failure. We investigated the prevalence of heart failure and hypertension in first-degree relatives to women with PPCM. Methods: A cohort of 61 women with PPCM was identified through the nationwide Danish registers from 20
Jet impingement cooling is commonly used in gas turbines. Usually the spent air from the upstream jets forms a cross-flow past the downstream jets, which degrades their heat transfer performance. In the present study, a new method was proposed to promote the jet penetration and enhance the impingement heat transfer. By placing a delta-winglet vortex generator pair (VGP) in the cross-flow upstream
The debate around the oxidation states occurring in laboratory-prepared tin-oxide samples has been for a long time an obstacle for an unambiguous assignment of characterization studies performed on such samples. In particular the changes in the Sn core-level energies caused by oxidation - i.e. the chemical shifts - as measured by photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) have been under discussion. The ass
The combustion engine, a well-known source of aerosols, has seen remarkable improvements regarding efficiency and emissions. A drawback of the conventional compression ignition (CI) engine is its requirement for a high cetane number fuel, i.e. diesel which contains long carbon chains forming particulate matter (PM) when combusted in the conventional diesel combustion (CDC) process. A previous stud
The associations of individual dietary fatty acids with prostate cancer risk have not been examined comprehensively. We examined the prospective association of individual dietary fatty acids with prostate cancer risk overall, by tumor subtypes, and prostate cancer death. 142,239 men from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition who were free from cancer at recruitment were
BACKGROUND: No studies have examined long-term risks for aortic aneurysm (AA) and aortic dissection (AD) or mortality after AA or AD hospitalization among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).METHODS AND RESULTS: In this observational cohort study, we linked data for patients with T2DM in the Swedish National Diabetes Register, and 5 individually matched population-based control subjects
Zooplankton have evolved several mechanisms to deal with environmental threats, such as ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and in order to identify strategies inherent to organisms exposed to different UVR environments, we here examine life-history traits of two lineages of Daphnia pulex. The lineages differed in the UVR dose they had received at their place of origin from extremely high UVR stress at h
Background: The intestinal tract is important for development of immune tolerance and disturbances are suggested to trigger autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of Maillard products in skim milk powder obtained after long storage, compared to fresh skim milk powder. Methods: Young rats were weaned onto a diet based on skim milk powder with high concentration of Mai
Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors (TFET) are one of the most promising candidates for future low-power CMOS applications including mobile and Internet of Things (IoT) products. A vertical gate-all-around (VGAA) architecture with a core shell (C-S) structure is the leading contender to meet CMOS footprint requirements while simultaneously delivering high current drive for high performance specific
Erythroid cell commitment and differentiation proceed through activation of a lineage-restricted transcriptional network orchestrated by a group of cell fate determining and maturing factors. We previously set out to define the minimal set of factors necessary for instructing red blood cell development using direct lineage reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced erythroid progenitors/precursors
Although endometriosis is considered an inflammatory disease, no reliable diagnostic biomarkers exist for use in clinical practice. The aim was to investigate the inflammatory profile in endometriosis using an exploratory approach of inflammation-related proteins. Patients with laparoscopy-verified endometriosis (N = 172), women with microscopic colitis (N = 50), healthy controls (N = 31), and age
Background: Environmental lead exposure has been associated with decreased kidney function, but evidence from large prospective cohort studies examining low exposure levels is scarce. We assessed the association of low levels of lead exposure with kidney function and kidney disease. Study Design: Prospective population-based cohort. Setting & Participants: 4,341 individuals aged 46 to 67 years
Photoluminescence (PL) spectra from thin films (TFs) and bulk crystals (BCs) of hybrid organo-halide perovskites are significantly different, the origin of which and their impact on the efficiency of the perovskite-based photoactive devices have been debated. We have used two-photon PL to study the temperature-dependent changes in the spectra of the TFs and the BCs of methylammonium lead bromide (
Organometal halide perovskites have attracted tremendous attention for optoelectronic applications. Charge carrier trapping is one of the dominant processes often deteriorating the performance of devices. Here, we investigate the details of trap behavior in colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskites with mean size of 8 nm and the corresponding bulk crystals (BCs). We use excitation i
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death world-wide. Recently, we showed that COPD is associated with gene polymorphisms in SUMF1, a master regulator of sulfatases. Sulfatases are involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and activated by SUMF1, but their role in the lung is poorly described. We aimed to examine how sulfatases are affected in the airways of patien
Background Both internet-based cognitive-behavioural therapy (ICBT) and physical exercise are alternatives to treatment as usual (TAU) in managing mild to moderate depression in primary care.Aims To determine the cost-effectiveness of ICBT and physical exercise compared with TAU in primary care.Method Economic evaluation of a randomised controlled trial (N = 945) in Sweden. Costs were estimated by
