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Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Echinodermerna räknas som en mycket viktig del av den marina faunan. Bland echinodermerna återfinns djur som sjöstjärnor, sjöborrar, ormstjärnor och sjöliljor. Gemensamt för dessa är att de alla byggs upp av ett skelett av mindre delfragment, plåtar, där byggnadskomponenten för själva "skelettet" är kalcit. Kalcit är ett mineral som förekommer som en vPhosphatization of late Early Ordovician echinoderm fragments from N Öland has resulted in excellent preservation of the echinoderm stereom ultra structure. The stereom investigated shows a close relationship to different types found in recent echinoderms. The several different types of phosphatic preservation found have been controlled by diagenetic relationships. The original stereom structures

Inom EU:s konkurrensrätt kan man se utvecklingen av en mer begränsad domstolsprövning, samt ett mer ekonomiskt syn- och tillvägagångssätt. Vid studie av artikel 102 EUF-fördraget, är det vidare uppenbart att dominanta företag måste förlita sig på analys och bevis av ekonomisk art för att påvisa att missbruk av dominerande ställning inte är för handen. Något som emellertid rimmar dåligt med en situWithin the field of competition law one can outline two developments, namely that of a limited judicial review and secondly that of a ‘more economics-based’ approach. In studying Article 102 TFEU, it is evident that dominant companies must rely upon economic evidence and reasoning in order to show that an abuse of dominance has not taken place. This application of the article, however, works poorl

Uppsatsen handlar om internprissättning, som är prissättning av gränsöverskridande transaktioner mellan företag i intressegemenskap och är idag viktigt ämne inom skatterätt. Det har kommit att bli en av de viktigaste skattefrågor för multinationella företag och skattemyndigheter världen över. I uppsatsen presenteras läsaren för internprissättning som ämne och därefter beskrivs den rättsliga reglerThis paper deals with transfer pricing, which is the pricing of cross-border transaction between related persons and is today an important issue in tax Law. It has become one of the most important issues for multinational companies and tax authorities across the world. In this paper the reader will be introduced to transfer pricing as an issue followed by a description of the relevant regulation w

Background The fierce competition in the telecom industry makes operators heavily invest in acquiring new customers. This is most often done with marketing campaigns and subsidies of handsets. But to be truly profitable, it is crucial not only to attract new customers, but also to make sure they retain with the company for as long time as possible. This turns the mobile operators’ attention to cus

En dendrokronologisk undersökning har gjorts på 128 tallar (Pinus sylvestris) från två torvmossar: Viss mosse och Åbuamossen i Skåne, södra Sverige. De delar av torvmossars lagerföljd som innehåller stubbar och stammar bildar stubbhorisonter. En stubbhorisont i en lagerföljd representerar en torrare fas i mossens historia, oftast som ett resultat av hydrologiska variationer orsakade av klimat föräIn total 128 pine samples (Pinus sylvestris) from two raised peat bogs, Viss mosse and Åbuamossen, Skåne, southern Sweden were examined with dendrochronological methodology. The result is a number of floating chronologies, of which the longest cover 570 years. The three most valuable chronologies were 14C-dated to construct dated chronologies. These chronologies are of certain dendrochronological

Levels of total human kallikrein 2 (hK2), a protein involved the pathology of prostate cancer (PCa), could be used as a biomarker to aid in the diagnosis of this disease. In this study, we report on a porous silicon antibody immunoassay platform for the detection of serum levels of total hK2. The surface of porous silicon has a 3-dimensional macro- and nanoporous structure, which offers a large bi

Continuously indexed Gaussian fields (GFs) are the most important ingredient in spatial statistical modelling and geostatistics. The specification through the covariance function gives an intuitive interpretation of the field properties. On the computational side, GFs are hampered with the big n problem, since the cost of factorizing dense matrices is cubic in the dimension. Although computational

The present paper deals with a detailed numerical investigation of the turbulent flow inside a stationary rib-/deflector-roughened cooling channel. Various downstream-shaped deflectors including sloping-board deflectors [Cases A1, A2], guide-shaped deflectors [Cases B1, B2], and drop-shaped deflectors [Cases C1, C2] and configuration parameters such as channel aspect ratio (AR=0.5, 1 and 2), and r

Modelers seeking to help inform decisions about insurance (public or private) coverage of the cost of pharmaceuticals or other health care interventions face various methodological challenges. In this review, which is not meant to be comprehensive, we cover those that in our experience are most vexing. The biggest challenge is getting decision makers to trust the model. This is a major problem bec

OBJECTIVES: To investigate if PaCO2 and plasma glucose levels affect electrocortical activity. METHODS: Ours was an observational study of 32 infants with a gestational age of 22 to 27 weeks. We performed simultaneous single-channel electroencephalogram (EEG) and repeated blood gas/plasma glucose analyses during the first 3 days (n = 247 blood samples with corresponding EEG). Interburst intervals

Coastal habitats are heavily subjected to eutrophication and commercial fisheries, and such alterations can affect organism interaction strengths and potentially influence trophic dynamics. A key species inhabiting coastal environments in temperate waters is the Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, which utilises coastal areas for food and shelter. We used an experimental mechanistic approach to assay prey

Recurrent major depressive disorder with regular seasonal patterns, commonly known as seasonal affective disorder (SAD), has evoked substantial research in the last two decades. It is now recognised that SAD is a common condition with prevalence rates between 0.4% and 2.9% of the general population, and that patients with SAD experience significant morbidity and impairment in psychosocial function

Uppsatsen tar sin utgångspunkt i de ränteavdragsbegränsningar som infördes i inkomstskattelagen 1 januari 2009. Dess instiftande kan betraktas som ett svar på den praxis som utbildats i Regeringsrätten gällande den kategori av transaktioner som ofta kallas ”räntesnurror”. I två avgöranden, RÅ 2001 ref. 79 (Kommunmålet) och RÅ 2007 ref. 85 (Industrivärden), befanns denna transaktionskategori inte sThis essay deals with the new rules regarding restrictions of interest deduction for certain dividends that came into force on the first of January 2009. These new restrictions where brought forth due to certain legislative development in the rulings of the Supreme Administrative Court regarding alleged advanced tax planning based on interest deduction; the law against tax evasion were not applica

There are today about 200 000 children living in families where either one or both parents are addicted to alcohol. These children often become young carers, as they are prematurely being placed in adult caring roles. The aim of this thesis has been to illustrate the situation for children of alcoholics and to examine how these children are coping when parents do not fulfil their parenting respons

This paper investigates the determinants of Climbing World Cup performance at a country level. An unbalanced panel of 76 countries over the years 2005 through 2008 is used. The focus of the paper is on the impact of the demographic, economic, geographic and historic predictors of the success at the Climbing World Cups. We measure the performance by the National Team rankings for each of the three

In year 2006 Carlings was named the most profitable chain, selling clothes, in Sweden. A year after they ended up on the podium once again. What is remarkable about this result is the fact the company does not exploit any direct marketing or offer a differentiated product compared to its competitors such as H&M and Gina Tricot. How did they manage to do this? The intention of this paper is to