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Background: To quantify cardiovascular health (CVH), the American Heart Association (AHA) recently launched an updated construct of the “Life's Simple 7” (LS7) score, the “Life's Essential 8” (LE8) score. This study aims to analyse the association between both CVH scores and carotid artery plaques and to compare the predictive capacity of such scores for carotid plaques. Methods: Randomly recruite
BACKGROUND Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury of the knee is common in young active adults and often has severe and sometimes lifelong consequences. The clinical management of this injury remains debated. A prior trial of early versus delayed optional ACL repair showed no differences in outcomes at 2 years. METHODS We present the 11-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial involving 121
Background: In people with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury, high self-efficacy facilitates recovery, indicated by improved muscle function, reduced knee symptoms and increased physical activity. Impact of treatment on future self-efficacy is however not well investigated. The aims of the study were to 1) investigate knee-related self-efficacy 6 years after acute ACL injury in patients trea
The basic pathophysiology of TBI consists of an initial, primary injury including rapid deformation of brain tissue with destruction of brain parenchyma and blood vessels and acute loss of neuronal and glial cells. A key concept in the management of TBI is that not all cell death occurs at the time of primary injury; instead, a cascade of molecular and neurochemical secondary events occur during t
Recent advancements in catchment hydrology (such as understanding catchment similarity, accessing new data sources, and refining methods for parameter constraints) make it possible to apply catchment models for ungauged basins over large domains. Here we present a cutting-edge case study applying catchment-modelling techniques with evaluation against river flow at the global scale for the first ti
Background. Even though tobacco is one of the most preventable causes of death worldwide, it endangers more than 8 million people yearly. In this context, meta-analyses suggest that a significant part of the general Iranian population over 15 years of age smoke and that there is a need for good screening tools for smoking cravings and urges in Iran. The present study reported the translation and i
Context. Next to H and He, carbon is, together with oxygen, the most abundant element in the Universe and widely used when modelling the formation and evolution of galaxies and their stellar populations. For the Milky Way bulge, there are currently essentially no measurements of carbon in un-evolved stars, hampering our abilities to properly compare Galactic chemical evolution models to observatio
Background. School health programs need to target all aspects of physical, psychological, and social well-being. Using a slightly modified version of the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist, we developed and conducted the first validation of the School Health Assessment Tool for Primary Schools (SHAT-PS). Method. The exploratory sequential mixed method was used in this study. In the first phase, scienti
Addressing sustainability concerns in supply chain operations can be a matter of long-term business survival for food retailers. However, regardless of whether it is perceived as a risk or market opportunity, acting across the value chain to address unsustainable production and consumption practices has been a constant challenge. This thesis investigated the sustainable supply chain management (SS
Background: An early report on the molecular subtyping of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) by gene expression suggested that response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) varies by subtype. Objective: To investigate the ability of molecular subtypes to predict pathological downstaging and survival after NAC. Design, setting, and participants: Whole transcriptome profiling was performed on pre-NA
Background: Occurrence of severe asthma exacerbations are the cornerstone of the evaluation of asthma management, but severe asthma exacerbations are rare events. Therefore, trials that assess drug efficacy on exacerbations are done late in clinical development programmes. We aimed to establish an endpoint capturing clinically relevant deteriorations (diary events) that, when combined with severe
The history of modern maritime safety legislation at the international level is relatively young. Its beginnings are generally associated with the sinking of the Titanic in 1912, a tragedy that resulted in the adoption by an international conference of the first of what was to become a series of versions (1914, 1929, 1948, 1960, 1974) of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (
Dagligen möts vi av bilder på barn som vårdnadshavare har publicerat på sociala medier. Ett exempel på detta är Calle Schulmans Instagramkonto där videoklipp på hans femåriga dotter läggs upp regelbundet. Frågan uppkommer om, och i vilken utsträckning, en vårdnadshavare får publicera personlig information om sitt barn. Vilka rättsliga medel och möjligheter finns att tillgå för barn om de känner siDaily we encounter pictures of children on social media, published by their custodians. One example of this is the Instagram account of Calle Schulman, where video sequences of his five-year-old daughter are frequently published. This raises the question whether custodians are allowed to publish personal information in this manner. What legal measures and opportunities are available to children wh
År 2013 initierades BEPS-projektet av OECD, vilket syftar till att motverka skatteflykt och erodering av skattebaser. En av projektets åtgärdspunkter (nummer 7) har till ändamål att förändra definitionen av vad som utgör ett fast driftställe enligt OECD:s modellavtal. Den nuvarande definitionen av ett fast driftställe har varit i stort sett oförändrad sedan den infördes i modellavtalet 1963. I taThe OECD initiated the BEPS project in 2013 with the purpose of eliminating tax avoidance and profit shifting. One of the actions in the project aims to change the current definition of permanent establishments in the OECD model convention, especially concerning dependent and independent agents. The current definition of a permanent establishment has, with the exception of minor changes, been in
Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka huruvida svenska styrelseledamöter och verkställande direktörer kan förvänta sig att de svenska domstolarna prövar affärsbeslut på ett liknande sätt som de amerikanska domstolarna prövar affärsbeslut. Undersökningen möjliggör en komparativrättslig analys av huruvida det finns något i svensk rätt som liknar den i amerikansk rätt existerande BJR, vilket The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether Swedish directors and CEOs can expect the Swedish courts to review business decisions in a similar way to how the American courts review business decisions. This examination enables a comparative analysis of whether something similar to the American business judgment rule exists in Swedish law, which some Swedish legal scholars claim. The American
Detta examensarbete behandlar frågan kring vilken påverkan som idrottsarenor har på fastighetsvärden. Studien grundas i de stora arenaprojekt som har genomförts i Sverige under de senaste åren. Bara i Stockholmsområdet har två stora idrottsarenor byggts och en stor idrottsarena rivits. Projekt som dessa är väldigt kapitalkrävande varpå det är viktigt för de inblandade i projekten att ta reda på vaThis master thesis addresses the issue of the impact of sports arenas on real estate values. The study is based on the major stadium projects that have been implemented in Sweden in recent years. Only in the Stockholm area have two major sports stadiums been built and one major sports stadium have been demolished. Projects like these are very kapital-intensive, so it is important for those involve
In Reinforcement learning the updating of the value functions determines the information spreading across the state/state-action space which condenses the valuebased control policy. It is important to have an information propagation across the value domain in a manner that is effective. Two common ways to update the value function is Monte-Carlo updating and temporal difference updating. They are
Bumble bee compound eye sizes in different climates Bumble bees are important pollinators with over 250 species spread over the world. One could even argue that they are the cornerstones of life as we know it, considering their immense task of pollinating almost everything we eat, as well as everything that what we eat eats. But how does the bumblebee do all this, in all these vastly different p
Under senare decennier har det förekommit frekventa politiska utspel såväl som lagändringar när det gäller socialbidragstagande. Dessa hänger samman med ett allmänt omfamnade av ”aktiveringspolitik” när det gäller arbetslöshet i stort. Vi har till följd av detta omfamnande sett en allt större sammanblandning mellan arbetsmarknads- och socialpolitik, vilket har lett till utökad samverkan mellan tilIn the last couple of decades in Sweden, there has been an adoption of “workfare”-oriented policy approaches to unemployment (as opposed to the former, less conditioned welfare-oriented ones). Consequently, labour market policies more and more have started to encompass the Social Services Department (in Swedish; “socialtjänsten”). In Scandinavia, active labour market policies are commonly referred
Det finns alltid en strävan att kunna uppskatta stråldoser på bättre och mer effektiva sätt. Om det så handlar om människor som blivit exponerade för joniserande strålning vid en olycka, ett attentat med radioaktiva ämnen eller för att mäta stråldoser på t ex. sjukhus. Idag finns det många kommersiellt tillgängliga alternativ för att utföra dosmätningar, så kallade dosimetrar. Samtidigt hade det vThere is always a need to improve and develop new ways of estimating effective doses to people and environments that have been exposed to ionizing radiation. Dose monitoring is also important in hospitals and the nuclear industry. Today there are several commercially available dosimeters, the most common being thermoluminescent dosimeters, TLDs, made from LiF. These are widely used for personal do
