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Antibiotic persistence arises when a subset of cells in an otherwise susceptible bacterial population temporarily exhibits elevated tolerance to bactericidal antibiotics. While significant progress has been made in elucidating persister mechanisms, much of this research has focused on Gram-negative bacteria, and these findings are not always applicable to Gram-positive species. This study explores

The gastrointestinal mucosa is one of the most rapidly proliferating tissues in the body, and serves as a barrier to luminal bacteria and toxins. Enteral nutrition, luminal fiber and probiotics are of crucial importance for the integrity of this barrier. We examined the potential beneficial effects of lactobacilli and fiber on methotrexate-induced enterocolitis and radiation-induced intestinal inj

Popular Abstract in Swedish Den rättighetslagstiftning som presenterades i handikapputredningens slutbetänkande (SOU 1991:46), Lagen om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade, LSS, visade att samhällets välfärd i ett etiskt perspektiv är något som angår alla. Kravet på samhällssolidaritet innebär enligt utredningen att samhällets insatser måste utformas i enlighet med kvalitetskrav som syftThe legislation on rights that was presented in the final report of the commission of inquiry into handicap (SOU 1991:46), the Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments, showed that, from an ethical point of view, society´s welfare is something that concerns everyone. The demand for social solidarity, according to the inquiry, meant that public measures mus

Postmenopausal decline of estrogen production is associated with development of several degenerative disorders such as osteoporosis, neuroinflammatory diseases and vascular wall degeneration. These are associated with the activation of the cells of the monocyte-macrophage system in a context-dependent manner. Estrogen regulates differentiation, maturation and function of many cell types in this sy

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hormonerna vasopressin och oxytocin frisätts från hypofysens baklob. Hypofysen är en körtel, som är belägen på undersidan av hjärnan och utsöndrar en rad olika hormoner vilka i sin tur påverkar och reglerar aktiviteten i en mängd andra organ. Vasopressin medverkar till regleringen av vatten- och saltbalansen i kroppen, men verkar också sammandragande på icke-viljestyrdVasopressin and oxytocin seem to have pivotal roles in the pathophysiology of primary dysmenorrhoea and preterm labour. Prostaglandins are also involved in the regulation of uterine activity with different receptors mediating both stimulation and relaxation. We explored different aspects of synthesis, release and receptor pharmacology of vasopressin and oxytocin. We also tested a vasopressin and o

This thesis covers aspects of the mature human B cell and its different guises on its way to become a fully differentiated antibody forming plasma cell (AFC), the key player in the humoral immune system. The understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms taking place in the B cell, as it first encounters antigen, enters the germinal center (GC) reaction, giving rise to memory cells and plasma c

Popular Abstract in Swedish Grupp B streptokocker (GBS) är den vanligaste orsaken till blodförgiftning, lunginflammation och hjärnhinneinflammation i nyföddhetsperioden. Ungefär en fjärdedel av alla kvinnor är koloniserade (bärare) genitalt av GBS under graviditeten och förlossningen. Hälften av barnen till dessa kvinnor blir smittade av bakterien i samband med födseln, men bara en liten del av deInfection with group B streptococcus (GBS), an encapsulated bacterium, is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Capsular polysaccharides and cell surface proteins of GBS are candidate antigens for development of a human GBS vaccine. Proteins have many advantages as vaccine antigens. The majority of the neonatal infections are caused by strains of capsular serotypes Ia, Ib, II, II

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) is a holoenzyme consisting of a regulatory subunit, the heterodimeric Ku70/86, and a catalytic subunit known as DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs). DNA-PK takes part in a number of cellular functions including growth control, immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and DNA repair. The Ku86 subunit of DNA-PK has been reported to exist in human

Popular Abstract in Swedish Antikroppar är viktiga beståndsdelar av det naturliga immunförsvaret som skyddar oss mot smittämnen, såsom bakterier och virus. Utvecklingen av olika genetiska och biokemiska teknologier har dessutom möjliggjort användningen av antikroppar för en mängd ändmål, bl a för diagnostik och behandling av infektionssjukdomar och cancer. I denna avhandling, som bygger på fem vetAntibodies are key players of the immune system in higher vertebrates, which provide a defense against potentially lethal threats from the environment. Besides their importance in the immune defense, antibodies have a great potential as reagents in biological chemistry and diagnostics, and as therapeutic agents against both infectious diseases and cancer. Despite tremendous advances in all fields

Popular Abstract in Swedish Sammanfattning på svenska Stafylokocker ingår i vår normala bakterieflora på hud och slemhinnor, men kan också ge upphov till infektioner. Staphylococcus aureus, den gula stafylokocken, är den vanligaste orsaken till sårinfektioner och "sjukhussjuka", och orsakar allvarliga djupa infektioner i ben, hjärta och andra inre organ, samt blodförgiftning. S. epidermidis, den vCoagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), in particular, Staphylococcus epidermidis, have emerged as major nosocomial pathogens associated with infections of implanted medical devices. These organisms, which are among the most prevalent bacteria of the human skin and mucous membrane microflora, gain access to the surface of the implant at the insertion. However, the subsequent infection may erupt u

BACKGROUND. Recently, the gene for cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP-3) was reported to be highly upregulated in prostate cancer (PCa) compared to benign prostatic tissue. The current aims were to investigate diagnostic use of tissue expression and immunodetection in serum of CRISP-3 for detection or monitoring of PCa. METHODS. Radical prostatectomy specimens and tissue microarrays from tra

Pre-treatment serum levels of sCD163 were measured in a cohort of 236 suspected tuberculosis (TB) cases from Guinea-Bissau, with a median follow-up period of 3.3 years (range 0-6.4 years). In 113 cases, the diagnosis of TB was verified by positive sputum microscopy and/or culture. Among the verified TB cases, a decreased survival rate was found in 27 patients with sCD163 levels above the upper ref

Sera from 62 hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected Swedish blood donors were tested by a nested polymerase chain reaction using primers targeting the 5'-noncoding region of the GB virus-C/hepatitis G (GBV-C/HGV) genome and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that detects antibodies to the envelope protein E2 of GBV-C/HGV (anti-E2). Fourteen (22%) and 21 (34%) of the 62 blood donors were found to be GB

Early gastric cancer (EGC) is defined as a carcinoma limited to the mucosa or mucosa and submucosa, irrespective of whether metastasis to lymph nodes has occurred. EGC presents a much more favorable prognosis than advanced gastric carcinoma (AGC), with a 5-year survival rate between 88% and 96% for EGC versus 45% to 50% for AGC. Moreover, some gastric cancers appear as a more or less extended EGC

INTRODUCTION: Patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis have an increased risk of developing carcinoma both in the bile ducts and in the colon. PURPOSE: To investigate whether this patient group also has an increased risk of developing atrophy and neoplasia in the deal pouch mucosa after construction of a pelvic pouch with an ileoanal anastomosis or a continent Kock ileos

Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is associated with cardiac disease. This prospective study was designed to investigate changes in cardiac function before and after parathyroidectomy. Resting and post exercise cardiac function was compared with matched control subjects. Fifty patients (mean age 62.9 +/- 11 years, 45 women) and 50 healthy control subjects, matched for age and sex were studied. Re

Context:A common genetic variant (rs10423928, A-allele) in the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor gene (GIPR) is associated with decreased insulin secretion. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide is secreted after food consumption and gipr knockout mice fed a high-fat diet are protected against obesity and disturbances in glucose homeostasis. Objective:Our objective was

Purpose: Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is defined as a sarcoma with cellular pleomorphism and no identifiable line of differentiation. It is typically a high-grade lesion with a metastatic rate of about 1/3. No tumor-specific rearrangement has been identified and genetic markers that could be used for treatment stratification are lacking. We performed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq