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The low specificity of screening ELISAs for antibodies to hepatitis C virus in blood donors has called for confirmatory tests. Two types of supplementary antibody assays are available, recombinant immunoblot assays (RIBA-1 and RIBA-2) and an antibody consumption test referred to as a neutralization assay. Amplification of viral nucleic acid by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) provides an antibo
Background: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with cardiac disease and increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. We investigated cardiac structural and functional parameters before and after successful parathyroidectomy in asymptomatic PHPT patients. Methods and Results: Forty-nine PHPT patients (age: 62.9 +/- 11 years, 5 men) and 48 healthy control subjects, matched
Observations based on overexpression of the suppressor gene p53 or interference with endogenous p53 support a role for p53 in mediating not only growth inhibition and apoptosis but also differentiation. The aim of this study was to characterize the mechanisms of p53-dependent differentiation in the monoblastic leukemia cell line U-937. These cells were transfected with a mutant of the p53 gene exp
Extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP) has demonstrated immunological effects. The proposed cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) involvement, together with forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta are associated with regulatory T cell activity. The aim of the study was to evaluate the regulatory T cell-associated effect of ECP in recent onset type 1 diabetic (T1D) child
Biological characteristics of virus quantitatively rescued from different cell types present in lymph nodes of HIV-1-infected individuals in various stages of their disease were determined, not including patients with AIDS defining illness. Viruses were obtained by cocultivation with donor monocyte-derived macrophages and T-lymphocytes and their biological phenotype compared to viruses obtained fr
Background The potential mutagenic effects of cancer therapies and the growing number of young male cancer survivors have given rise to concern about the health of their offspring. Methods We identified all singleton children born alive in Denmark between 1994 and 2004 and in Sweden between 1994 and 2005 (n = 1 777 765). Of the 8670 children with a paternal history of cancer, 8162 were conceived n
BACKGROUND: Immunoglobulin A nephritis (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. It is caused by accumulation of IgA1-containing immune complexes in the kidney resulting in renal failure, which is thought to be due to altered glycosylation of IgA with a decrease of 2-3-sialylated galactosides (NeuAcα2-3Gal). PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze whether altered gl
SUMMARY AT A GLANCE: Secretory leukocyte proteinase inhibitor (SLPI) is a major anti-elastase barrier at the epithelial surfaces of upper respiratory tract. Our findings indicate clear up-regulation of SLPI in response to endotoxin in nasal secretions. In addition, SLPI shows dose-dependent anti-apoptotic and chemotactic effects on primary human neutrophils. ABSTRACT: Background and objective: The
Popular Abstract in Swedish Luftburna partiklar från transportsektorn och energiproduktion kan ge upphov till negativa hälsoeffekter hos människor och påverka det globala klimatet. Partiklarnas kemiska och fysikaliska egenskaper förändras när de åldras i atmosfären och ny partikelmassa kan bildas från ämnen som tidigare var i gasfas. Det övergripande syftet med den här avhandlingen är att öka kunsEmissions from anthropogenic combustion sources, such as light duty vehicles and small scale biomass combustion, contribute significantly to ambient aerosol particle concentrations both on local and global scales. These emissions have controlling impacts on public health and global climate. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate how atmospheric transformation and combustion conditions a
An unprecedented upsurge in mpox, caused by clade I of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) was noted in Central Africa in 2024. The first mpox case with MPXV clade Ib outside Africa was reported in Sweden in mid-August. The case experienced a mild disease course after travelling to an affected country. No additional cases of this clade have been detected in Sweden. Strengthened public health measures and s
As part of the implementation of the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework and the Global Compact on Refugees we are witnessing the promotion of refugee responses aimed at creating an enabling environment for sustainable investments. This marks a paradigmatic shift “from funding to financing” which sees the role of financial markets becoming central to the way in which refugee responses are man
The EU regulation on Deforestation-Free Products (EUDR) enacted in 2023 aims to reduce deforestation connected to commodities imported to the EU, including cattle products. In Brazil, the EUDR pressures the local cattle supply chain towards more sustainable production. However, the potential effects of the EUDR on reducing deforestation in this sector are unclear and require scrutiny. Drawing on t
ABSTRACTObjectivesAn emerging body of research reveals a heightened risk of gambling problems among elite athletes, particularly among males, but these studies often suffer from small sample sizes and lack diverse representation across sports and groups. This study aimed to investigate gambling problems and their correlates among elite male and female ice hockey players in Sweden’s top leagues.Met
Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is a significant global health concern, particularly in western Sub-Saharan Africa. This study describes causes of bloodstream infections and antimicrobial resistance at a tertiary hospital in The Gambia. Methods: This retrospective analysis included all blood cultures performed at the Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, The Gambia, from September
Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) is a common colonizer of the human nasopharynx. Despite a low rate of invasive disease, the high prevalence of colonization results in millions of infections and over one million deaths per year, mostly in individuals under the age of 5 and the elderly. Colonizing pneumococci form well-organized biofilm communities in the nasopharyngeal environment, but
Autoimmune diabetes is a consequence of immune-cell infiltration and destruction of pancreatic β-cells in the islets of Langerhans. We analyzed the cellular composition of the insulitic lesions in the autoimmune-prone non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and observed a peak in recruitment of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) to NOD islets around 8-9 weeks of age. This peak coincides with increased spo
BACKGROUND: : Atherosclerosis is considered to be an inflammatory disease. Infections are a significant cause of inflammation. Acute infections might precipitate acute coronary syndromes (ACS) whereas chronic infections might be stimuli for the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS: : Coronary angiograms were done on 211 of 335 patients with ACS and the percentage of coronary obstruction was det
