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Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) colonizes the human nasopharynx by forming multicellular biofilms. Due to the high level of asymptomatic carriage, transition to infections, such as otitis media, pneumonia, sepsis, and meningitis, occurs often enough that the pneumococcus remains a major cause of disease and death globally. Virus infection and virus-induced responses, such as increased
This study investigated the emission of PM10 and PM2.5 (particulates with diameters of less than 10 µm and 2.5 µm, respectively) and the chemical composition of PM2.5 from laboratory combustion of five Australian vegetation types (three grasslands, a woodland and a forest). A mix of plants representative of Banksia (woodland) and Jarrah (forest) and three types of grasses (Spinifex – Triodia based
For many fleeing their home countries, destinations in northern Europe were the ultimate goal. But what happened when they got there?
Background: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is standard treatment for limited stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Twice-daily thoracic radiotherapy of 45 Gy in 30 fractions is considered to be the most effective schedule. The aim of this study was to investigate whether high-dose, twice-daily thoracic radiotherapy of 60 Gy in 40 fractions improves survival. Methods: This open-label, randomised, phas
Inflammatory leiomyosarcoma (ILMS), defined as “a malignant neoplasm showing smooth muscle differentiation, a prominent inflammatory infiltrate, and near-haploidization”, is a very rare soft tissue tumor with a generally favorable prognosis. The morphologic features of “histiocyte-rich rhabdomyoblastic tumor” (HRRMT) are similar to those of ILMS, although this lesion shows by definition a skeletal
This study presents how sequential infiltration synthesis of trimethyl aluminium and water into a carbohydrate-based block copolymer was used to enable pattern transfer of 6 nm half-pitch horizontal cylinders into silicon. Specular neutron reflectometry measurements of poly(styrene)-block-maltoheptaose self-assembled into horizontal cylinders indicate an increasing content of alumina after each se
Malaria is a potentially life-threatening disease with approximately half of the world’s population at risk. Young children and pregnant women are hit hardest by the disease. B cells and antibodies are part of an adaptive immune response protecting individuals continuously exposed to the parasite. An infection with Plasmodium falciparum can cause dysregulation of B cell homeostasis, while antibodi
Highly pathogenic emm1 Streptococcus pyogenes strains secrete the multidomain Streptococcal inhibitor of complement (SIC) that binds and inactivates components of the innate immune response. We aimed to determine if naturally occurring or vaccine-induced antibodies to SIC are protective against invasive S. pyogenes infection. Immunisation with full-length SIC protected mice against systemic bacter
Inflammatory airway diseases and lower respiratory tract infections are leading causes of severe illness, disability and death worldwide. Much of today´s hypotheses about the underlying inflammatory processes and pathogenic contribution by immune cells come from in vitro experiments or animal models. As a consequence, our knowledge of the actual immunopathological events in real patient tissues is
Context: Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a major risk factor for the development of type 2diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Despite this, the mechanisms underlyinginsulin resistance in PCOS are largely unknown.Objective: To investigate the genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression patterns inskeletal muscle from women with PCOS and controls and relate them to
The ability of lymphocytes from the peripheral blood of preterm and term infants and adult women and men to mediate natural killing (NK) and K cell activity (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity) was analysed in 4 hours 51Cr-release assays. K 562 cells were targets for NK activity. K cell activity was assayed on antibody-coated rat thymocytes. Lymphocytes from adult male donors were significan
We recently described four distinct types of plexiform lesions in human idiopathic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) [1], visualising the three-dimensional lesion structure using synchrotron-based phase-contrast micro-CT (SPµCT). Two types, 1 and 2, are shunt-type lesions that connect pulmonary arteries to the bronchial circulation: type 1 to the vasa vasorum, and type 2 to peribr
Background: Several studies indicate increasing hospitalisation rates for specific infectious diseases (IDs). Studies describing the entire ID spectrum are scarcer. Our aim was to describe hospital use with ID diagnoses in Swedish adults from 1998 to 2019. Methods: All four-position codes in ICD-10 were reclassified as ID or non-ID diagnoses. Using data from the National Patient Register, age-stan
PURPOSE: To examine dietary exposure to 25 pesticide residues in several diet groups including omnivores, pesco-vegetarians, vegetarians and vegans while accounting for the farming system (organic or conventional) of plant-based foods consumed.METHODS: Organic and conventional consumption data in combination with data on pesticide residues in plant-based foods were used to derive estimated dietary
AbstractHuman papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small non enveloped viruses that contain a double-stranded circular DNA genome of approximately 8kb in size. It has been estimated that approximately 5% of all cancers are caused by HPV infection. Cervical cancer represents the majority of HPV-associated anogenital cancers worldwide. HPV type16 (HPV16) accounts for 65% of cervical cancer and approximately
Ljungan virus (LV), a Parechovirus of the Picornavirus family, first isolated from a bank vole at the Ljungan river in Sweden, has been implicated in the risk for autoimmune type 1 diabetes. An assay for neutralizing Ljungan virus antibodies (NLVA) was developed using the original 87-012 LV isolate. The goal was to determine NLVA titres in incident 0-18 years old newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes pa
Non-responders to checkpoint inhibitors generally have low tumor T cell infiltration and could benefit from immunotherapy that activates dendritic cells, with priming of tumor-reactive T cells as a result. Such therapies may be augmented by providing tumor antigen in the form of cancer vaccines. Our aim was to study the effects of mitazalimab (ADC-1013; JNJ-64457107), a human anti-CD40 agonist IgG
This paper presents a reasoned account of the critiques addressed to the circular economy and circular business models. These critiques claim that the circular economy has diffused limits, unclear theoretical grounds, and that its implementation faces structural obstacles. Circular economy is based on an ideological agenda dominated by technical and economic accounts, which brings uncertain contri
The protein-lipid complex alpha1-oleate, derived from HAMLET (Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made LEthal to Tumor cells), is identified as a molecular entity with significant therapeutic potential. Structural characterization of the complex and results of a successful placebo-controlled clinical trial are presented.
