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A reduction in the number of postoperative bed days for patients who underwent appendectomy led to a study of changes in hospital costs of appendectomies for the years 1955, and 1965, and 1975. No significant changes were found in the total hospital costs. However, the postoperative costs decreased by 36 percent from 1955 to 1975 due to a decrease in the mean duration of hospital stay. During the
Since the discovery of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) a new area has emerged in the field of biomarkers. NcRNAs are RNA molecules of different sizes that are transcribed as independent genes or as part of protein coding genes and are not translated, therefore they do not produce proteins. They have been classified accord-ing to their size and function and include micro RNAs (miRNAs), piwiRNAs (piRNAs),
Background: Self-reported smoking is the principal measure used to assess lung cancer risk in epidemiological studies. We evaluated if circulating cotinine-a nicotine metabolite and biomarker of recent tobacco exposure-provides additional information on lung cancer risk. Methods: The study was conducted in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium (LC3) involving 20 prospective cohort studies. Pre-diagnos
AIMS: The main objective was to determine premature stroke risk in men and women in Sweden with previous hospital admission for Type 1 diabetes or without previous hospital admission.METHODS: All individuals in Sweden aged 15-34 years at first hospital admission for Type 1 diabetes and aged 15-49 years at first hospital admission for stroke during the study period (1987-2001) were identified. Stan
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with patients affected by ovarian carcinosarcoma. Patients and Methods: During a 16-year period, data on 13 patients with ovarian carcinosarcoma were collected. They were obtained from hospital charts and follow-up visits. Survival curves were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. All tests were t
Dendritic cells (DC) are a heterogeneous lineage of bone-marrow-derived leukocytes that serve as the link between innate and adaptive immunity. They are professional antigen-presenting cells that play an important protective and regulatory role in both health and disease. This thesis is based upon six original papers that deal with the function and transcription of human DCs, with focus on their r
Popular Abstract in Swedish Upptäckten av Helicobacter pylori (Hp) (1982) har revolutionerat synen på uppkomsten av såväl magsår, magkatarr som magsäckskancer. Idag vet vi att Hp är en mycket starkt bidragande orsak till samtliga dessa sjukdomar och är en av våra vanligaste sjukdomsframkallande bakterier. Epidemiologiska studier har visat att mellan 50 och 80% av jordens befolkning är smittad. I SHelicobacter pylori and Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. can cause chronic infections by evading the immune system. These two human pathogens express a number of immunogenic cell surface proteins. The aims of this study were to gain further knowledge about these antigens and to analyse the serum antibody response in infected individuals. Both invasive and non-invasive diagnostic methods are available for
This paper develops a control integration methodology that can be used to balance competing performance objectives. The target application for the method is blood glucose management for diabetic patients. The true system model is uncertain and changes over time. Multiple controllers have been designed with competing performance objectives in mind. In the proposed method, on-line predictors are use
Purpose: Substance use disorders and problematic substance use are common problems in adolescence and young adulthood. Brief personalized feedback has been suggested for treatment of alcohol and drug problems and poor mental health. This repeated measurement randomized controlled trial examines the effect of an interactive voice response (IVR) system for assessing stress, depression, anxiety and s
Background: B-cells are essential in immunity against malaria, but which sub-sets of B-cells specifically recognize Plasmodium falciparum and when they appear is still largely unknown. Results: Using the flow cytometry technique for detection of P. falciparum specific (Pf+) B-cells, this study for the first time measured the development of Pf+ B cell (CD19+) phenotypes in Ugandan babies from birth
The Wnt signaling pathway is essential in regulating various cellular processes. Different mechanisms of inhibition for Wnt signaling have been proposed. Besides β-catenin degradation through the proteasome, nemo-like kinase (NLK) is another molecule that is known to negatively regulate Wnt signaling. However, the mechanism by which NLK mediates the inhibition of Wnt signaling was not known. In th
Background: Radiotherapy reduces the risk of local recurrence in rectal cancer. However, the optimal radiotherapy fractionation and interval between radiotherapy and surgery is still under debate. We aimed to study recurrence in patients randomised between three different radiotherapy regimens with respect to fractionation and time to surgery. Methods: In this multicentre, randomised, non-blinded,
This manuscript presents novel approaches to grow and evaluate Streptococcal biofilm formation using the human respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) as the main model organism on biological surfaces in vitro and in vivo. Most biofilm models are based on growth on abiotic surfaces, which is relevant for many pathogens whose growth on surfaces or medical devices is a major
BACKGROUND: Aggregate and risk-stratified perioperative mortality rates (POMR) are well-documented in high-income countries where surgical databases are common. In many low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) settings, such data are unavailable, compromising efforts to understand and improve surgical outcomes. We undertook a systematic review to determine how POMR is used and defined in LMICs
FÖRBISTRINGAR OCH FÖRKLARINGAR – En festlig festskrift ”en skönhetens volym” – ”detta kraftprov till festskrift” (KMT, april 2008, s. 23) Anders Piltz, nu professor emeritus i latin i Lund, hedrades på sin 65-årsdag med en lärd och läsvärd festskrift, Förbistringar och förklaringar. De 76 essäerna spänner från antikens Athen och Rom över medeltidens vetenskap, litteratur och konst till en brokiCollection of 76 articles in honour of Professor Anders Piltz.
Antibody-based microarrays have emerged as an established proteomic technology allowing multiplexed and sensitive profiling of complex proteomes, in a high-throughput and miniaturized manner. Recently, numerous applicative efforts have been pursued generating disease-associated protein signatures that now could be further explored for improved disease diagnostics, prognostics and classification.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 is the major cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and anogenital cancers. The antibody response to papillomaviruses is a key determinant of protective immunity and forms the basis for prophylactic vaccine development as well as for seroepidemiology. The present thesis has evaluated different methods for HPV antibody measurements, determinants of the HPV an
Objectives: To assess the risk of lymphoproliferative disease or other malignancy (standardised incidence ratios (SIRs)), in patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome according to the American-European Consensus Criteria (AECC), compared with patients with sicca syndrome (non-AECC) and the background population. To identify predictors of malignancy and describe lymphoma types and survival probabili
