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Respiratory viral infections cause exacerbations of asthma and COPD that cannot be effectively treated today. Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an upstream epithelial cytokine linking the innate and adaptive immune system. Viral stimuli induce epithelial overexpression of TSLP in asthma and COPD. We hypothesise that TSLP switches on Th2-type inflammation in severe asthma/COPD. A deficient ant
HIV-1 evolves constantly within an infected individual, due to its mutation-prone viral enzyme, high viral turnover and pressure from the host immune system. Therefore, viruses isolated at different time points from the same individual are never exactly the same and, accordingly, rarely function the same way. However, if we can understand how HIV-1 phenotypically evolves in the newly infected host
Denna uppsats behandlar frågan om under vilka omständigheter fängelseförhållanden kan utgöra omänsklig eller förnedrande behandling och därmed kan ligga till grund för uppehållstillstånd i Sverige. Frågeställningen är outforskad ur ett svenskt perspektiv. Det saknas i princip nationell vägledning. En person kan erhålla uppehållstillstånd i Sverige med anledning av omänsklig eller förnedrande behanThis thesis deals with the question of the circumstances in which prison conditions may constitute inhuman or degrading treatment, and thus may form the basis for a residence permit in Sweden. This has not been an area that has been explored to a great extent from a Swedish perspective. A person can obtain a residence permit in Sweden due to inhuman or degrading treatment as a person eligible for
Attackerna mot USA den 11 september 2001 och bristen på legala motåtgärder ledde till att kritiken växte mot begränsningarna i artikel 51 i FN stadgan. På grund av detta började flera stater omvärdera sin rätt till självförsvar och denna omvärdering ledde enligt min mening till att flera stater skyndsamt ändrade sin statspraxis. Denna förändring i statspraxis som fler och fler stater började ta ef
Uppsatsen utvärderar och undersöker effekterna av den svenska regleringen gällande särskilda transaktionsavtal, s.k. budrelaterade arrangemang. Detta genom att undersöka regleringens effekt på den svenska kapitalmarknaden och målbolagsaktieägare. Grunderna för den svenska takeoverregleringen presenteras genom att undersöka de relevanta bestämmelserna i, och förhållandet mellan, aktiemarknadsrätt, The thesis evaluates and examines the effects of the Swedish regulation of deal protection arrangements by looking to the impact of the provision on the Swedish capital market and target shareholders. The foundations of the Swedish takeover regulation are examined by presenting and arguing the relevant provisions in, and relationship between, stock exchange law, corporate law and EU law. Fiduciar
Barnpornografibrott regleras i 16 kap. 10a§ BrB. Bestämmelsen omfattar nästintill all tänkbar befattning med barnpornografi. De huvudsakliga skälen för kriminalisering är att skydda det enskilda barnet och barn i allmänhet, varav det sist angivna skälet inte preciseras något ytterligare. Alla slags bilder betraktas som straffbara, även tecknade och animerade bilder som inte har någon koppling tillChild pornography is criminalized in chapter 16 10a§ BrB. It regulates almost every aspect of child pornography. The main reasons for criminalization is to protect the individual child and “children in general” (this concept is not further specified) All forms of illustrations are seen as criminal, even drawn or animated ones which do not necessarily depict an actual sexual assault or a real victi
Uppsatsen studerar företags hantering av råvarurisk ur två olika perspektiv. I uppsatsens första del undersöks företags motiv för att agera på råvarumarknaderna genom djupgående intervjuer av särskilt utvalda företag. Resultat från intervjuerna indikerar att råvarors inflations- och diversifieringsegenskaper är båda starka incitament bakom investerares intresse att handla med råvaror. Uppfattninge
Ungdomsbrottslighet och hur unga lagöverträdare bör hanteras och behandlas är en ständigt aktuell fråga. Det övergripande syftet med denna uppsats är att ge en sammanfattande bild av hur vårdbehovet hos unga lagöverträdare påverkar påföljdsbestämningen och vad vården består av vid de olika straffrättsliga påföljderna. Behandlingsinsatserna som företas i samband med de olika straffrättsliga påföljdJuvenile delinquency and how young offenders ought to be treated are issues that are discussed continuously. The overall purpose of this paper is to provide a representative picture of how young offenders’ need of treatment and care affects which sanction is sentenced. Another aim has been to examine the type of treatment that each sanction entails. The various types of care and treatment are rela
The objective of this study was to investigate whether the superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), which binds to HLA class II and T-cell receptor Vβ chains, can direct cytotoxic T cells to lyse cytokine-stimulated endothelial cells (EC). In addition, we wanted to determine whether SEA- primed cytotoxic T cells could be targeted to EC surface molecules as a means of a novel cancer immunot
BACKGROUND: Oral contraceptives are known to reduce the incidence rate of endometrial cancer, but it is uncertain how long this effect lasts after use ceases, or whether it is modified by other factors.METHODS: Individual participant datasets were sought from principal investigators and provided centrally for 27 276 women with endometrial cancer (cases) and 115 743 without endometrial cancer (cont
Overt autoantibodies to the smaller isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65Ab) are a characteristic in patients with Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) directed to GAD65Ab effectively prevent the binding of GAD65 to GAD65Ab in healthy individuals. Levels of GAD65Ab-specific anti-Id are significantly lower in patients with T1D, leading to overt GAD65Ab in these patients. T
Introduction: CD40 signaling activates dendritic cells leading to improved T cell priming against tumor antigens. CD40 agonism expands the tumor-specific T cell repertoire and has the potential to increase the fraction of patients that respond to established immunotherapies. Areas covered: This article reviews current as well as emerging CD40 agonist therapies with a focus on antibody-based therap
Background Semaglutide is a novel glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, suitable for once-weekly subcutaneous administration, in development for treatment of type 2 diabetes. We assessed the efficacy and safety of semaglutide versus the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin, thiazolidinediones, or both. Method
Introduction and Objectives: To compare pilot cohorts of men scheduled for radical prostatectomy imaged with novel antibody conjugates: Cohort 1 (111In-J591) single photon emission tomography (SPECT) or Cohort 2 (89Zr-J591) positron emission tomorgraphy (PET).Methods: 1) Cohort 1: Eight patients with abnormal digital rectal exam and biopsy proven prostate cancer were injected intravenously with tw
Prognostic tools are an essential component of the clinical management of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Although tumour stage and grade can provide important information, they fail to consider patient- and tumour-specific biology. In this study, we set out to find a novel molecular marker of RCC by using hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A (HNF4A), a transcription factor implicated in RCC pro
Glucagon is the principal glucose-elevating hormone that forms the first-line defence against hypoglycaemia. Along with insulin, glucagon also plays a key role in maintaining systemic glucose homeostasis. The cells that secrete glucagon, pancreatic α-cells, are electrically excitable cells and use electrical activity to couple its hormone secretion to changes in ambient glucose levels. Exactly how
This paper presents a convex-optimization-based technique to obtain parameters for a PID feedback controller, used to control the infusion rate of the anesthetic drug propofol. The controller design is based on a set of identified patient models, relating propofol infusion to an EEG-based conciousness index. The main contribution lies in the method automatically taking inter-patient variability in
The influential role of Wnt5a in tumor progression underscores the requirement for developing molecules that can target Wnt5a-mediated cellular responses. In the aggressive skin cancer, melanoma, elevated Wnt5a expression promotes cell motility and drives metastasis. Two approaches can be used to counteract these effects: inhibition of Wnt5a expression or direct blockade of Wnt5a signaling. We hav
