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Background. In metastatic colorectal cancer, mutation testing for KRAS exon 2 is widely implemented to select patients with wild-type tumors for treatment with the monocloncal anti-EGFR antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab. The added predictive value of additional biomarkers in the RAS-RAF-MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathways in colorectal cancer is uncertain, which led us to systematically review the
The southern Peruvian coastal desert around Palpa, southern Peru (14.5 degrees S) is currently characterized by hyper-arid conditions. However, the presence of two species of molluscs (Scutalus, Pupoides) and desert-loess deposits indicates the past development of semi-desert and grassland ecosystems caused by a displacement of the eastern desert margin due to hydrological changes. Radiocarbon dat
Very high levels of ambient particulate matter (PM) are frequently encountered in the north of Italy and air quality limits are regularly exceeded. To obtain quantitative information on the pollution sources and to gain understanding of the dynamics of pollution episodes in this populated area PM10 and/or PM2.5 samples were collected daily at nine urban to regional sites distributed over the centr
“The buck stops here”. Så stod det skrivet på det lilla plakatet på president Trumans skrivbord. Detta budskap, lika allmängiltigt idag som 1953, borde verka som en påminnelse om värdet av ansvar och möjligheten till utkrävande av detsamma från alla instutioner och personer med inflytande över människors liv och välmående. Privata militära aktörer är idag aktiva över hela världen och är involverad“The buck stops here”, as was the wording on the famous sign on President Truman’s desk, should remind us today - as it reminded all Americans of the virtues of accountability and responsibility in 1953 - that any office or person that holds influence over the lives of others needs to be able to be held accountable for their actions. Today, Private Military Companies - or PMCs for short - are depl
Nya skyldigheter för utländska företag verksamma i Sverige infördes den 1 januari 2021. Trots frånvaron av ett fast driftställe i Sverige eller annan skattskyldighet, ska skatteavdrag för preliminär inkomstskatt göras från betalningar för arbete som ett utländskt företag utför i Sverige. Den innehållna skatten kan återbetalas, men tidigast efter att ett beslut om slutlig skatt har fattats efter räNew obligations for foreign companies operating in Sweden have been introduced on 1 January 2021. Despite the absence of a Swedish PE or other tax liability, payments for work performed in Sweden by foreign companies is subject to a requirement of withholding preliminary income tax. A refund of the withheld amount can be granted, but only once a final tax assessment has been completed after the en
The decision by the European Union to enforce the Temporary Protection Directive to respond to the inflow of Ukrainian displaced people in member states has resulted in a peculiar governance system that sets Ukrainian displaced people as an exceptional category of vulnerable migrants. Their stay is temporary, but as it is impossible to predict a date for Ukraine to be deemed a safe country again,
The purpose is to investigate what the next generation of employees prefer and expect, to be satisfied and motivated at work. It should also be shown, what they prioritise, when comparing two different items. This provides insights into what newer generations expect and what it means in terms of the use of management control to support and enhance employee ́s motivation and satisfaction. This rese
This thesis discusses the recent hot topic in the intersection of IP law and competition law; “pay-for-delay” agreements in the pharmaceutical industry. Such agreements arise in patent disputes where originator manufacturers (‘Originators’) claim patent infringement by the generic manufactures (‘Generics’). However, patent infringing defendants end up paying the plaintiff large sums of money, acco
Abstract This essay will examine if there is a possibility that the Millennium Development Goal number 3 (MDG 3) can be achieved by year 2015 in Bangladesh. Therefore, an examination will be performed of the report The Millennium Development Goals, Bangladesh Progress Report 2011. Focus will be on MDG 3 which aims on promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment for instance in Bangladesh. In
Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) provide a broad range of services and are becoming increasingly involved in topics of policy and governance. At the core of any organisation are the members who constitute it, and the strength of civil society is tied to the strength of its support base. Questions of increasing participation rates are therefore not just matters of concern for fellow participants
Microbial water quality is often assessed with heterotrophic plate counts (HPC) which are not trustworthy and time consuming, and flow cytometry (FCM) with DNA staining by SYBR® Green I (SG) has been suggested as a suitable tool for analyzing the bacterial community in drinking water. This study investigated the existing staining protocol and then applied this protocol to monitoring of slow sand f
Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) is suggested to be solved by policies and action plans. However, post-structural scholars argue that discourses shape policies, and their solutions. The policy discourse on women with disabilities’ SRHR needs has not been given much attention, especially in the context of Africa. Therefore, this study questions how SRHR is represented in relation to
The discovery of the Higgs boson h in 2012 further confirmed the remarkable accuracy of the Standard Model (SM). Despite this, some compelling excesses in multi-lepton final states were recorded in both major runs of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The excesses can be explained by the introduction of a model where a heavy boson X decays into a SM Higgs boson h and a singlet scalar S with Higgs-li
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the brand image of an incumbent manufacturer and the purchase intention for a brand extension characterized by a disruptive innovation, and to assess the effects of a sub-brand strategy. This study involves inferential survey research with a conclusive and descriptive nature. Data has been collected through a cross-sectional desi
Bulleremission från vägtrafik är på många ställen i Sverige ett påtagligt problem. Många fastigheter och rekreationsområden ligger så nära vägnätet att de utsattas hälsa och livskvalitet riskerar att försämras vid långvarig exponering. Att åtgärda bullerproblematiken direkt vid källan med en lågbullerbeläggning är idag en stor strävan på många platser. Detta ef-tersom de traditionella åtgärderna sNoise from road traffic is a significant problem in many places in Sweden. A lot of properties and recreational areas are so close to the road network that the health and quality of life of the exposed are at risk of deterioration. Addressing the noise problem directly at the source with a low noise road surface is a great endeavor in many places today. This is because the traditional measures suc
This study describes an aggregate relationship between exchange rate risk and foreign direct investments. The relationship is conducted by panel data estimations, with variables derived from the OLI-framework and prior research. Sample data consists of 36 countries for the time series 1991-2009. Estimations are controlled for country specific variations by using fixed effects, regional dummy varia
