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In order to reduce the total enzyme consumption in high-solids static hydrolysis of nonwashed steam-exploded willow Salix caprea by mixed cellulase of Trichoderma reesei + Aspergillus foetidus, two different approaches were proposed. In the first case, the enzyme activity adsorbed on residual solids after extended hydrolysis was used for hydrolysis of the newly added substrate. The initial mixing
A new criterion is applied for characterization of the kinetic design of enzymes that should be favoured by a selective pressure in the direction of increased metabolic reaction flux. According to this criterion, the selectively favoured state of a metabolic sequence of enzyme reactions conforming to Michaelis-Menten kinetics is identical with the uniform one which is known to optimize reaction fl
It is shown that the numbers of high level crossings by p dependent stationary Gaussian processes have asymptotically independent Poisson distributions if the observation interval and the height of the level increase in a coordinated way. The processes may be highly correlated, even linearly dependent.
A simple assay was developed to estimate functional mannose-binding lectin (MBL) levels in serum based on the principle of yeast-induced bystander lysis of chicken erythrocytes (ChE). The assay is sensitive to inhibition by ethylene glycol bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) (which allows alternative pathway activation), ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), mannose,
This work introduces a novel analytical method for the detection and study of GAD65 autoantibodies, which have been implicated in the onset of type 1 diabetes. There is a clinical need for a rapid and automated assay for GAD65 autoantibodies. Therefore, this method was designed to exploit the advantages of bead injection (BI) analysis for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). BI ELISA is a m
Modelling the sedimentation of suspensions with partial differential equations requires constitutive relations (material properties) to be known. Restricted to suspensions obeying Kynch's assumption (ideal suspensions), this paper deals with the inverse problem, which is to estimate the batch-settling flux function from experimental data. A new batch-settling test is suggested, from which it is th
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in water were extracted with a rebuilt extraction unit using 47 mm C18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) disks. Three types of disks (SPEC, ENVI and Empore) were investigated for the extraction of seven PCBs from 1 l reagent water spiked at two concentration levels (20 and 1000 ng/l). The Empore disks produced the best analyte recoveries (91–107% with R.S.D. of 1–8%) at
A novel process for the production of biodegradable lubricant-based stocks from epoxidized vegetable oil with a lower pour point via cationic ion-exchange resins as catalysts was developed. This involves two steps, first, ring-opening reactions by alcoholysis followed by esterification of the resultant hydroxy group in the first step. The ring-opening reaction of epoxidized soybean oil with differ
The lactic acid bacterium, Streptococcus thermophilus, is used in the dairy industry in mixed cultures with Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus for the production of yoghurt. Many strains of S. thermophilus produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs) which affect the texture and viscosity of fermented food products. However, the production of EPSs by S. thermophilus is low and variable, and better k
Abstract in UndeterminedSubject-specific finite element models have been used to predict stress-state and fracture risk in individual patients. While many studies analysed quasi-axial loading configurations, only few works simulated sideways load configurations, such as those arising in a fall. The majority among these latter directly predicted bone strength, without assessing elastic strain predi
