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Different strategies for reducing emissions of nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide from the Swedish transportation sector are evaluated by making scenarios for the year 2015, using a bottom-up approach. Methods for reducing emissions of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and sulphur dioxide are discussed more briefly. The scenarios are based on official forecasts of future passenger and goods transport
In order to produce drinking water, coagulants - such as aluminium salts - are widely used for precipitation and separation of impurities from raw water. The residual from the process is sludge, which presents a disposal problem. The REAL process is a method for recycling the aluminium from the sludge. In a first step, the aluminium hydroxide is dissolved in sulphuric acid. In a second step, an ul
This statement examines the relation of the resting ECG to its technology. Its purpose is to foster understanding of how the modern ECG is derived and displayed and to establish standards that will improve the accuracy and usefulness of the ECG in practice. Derivation of representative waveforms and measurements based on global intervals are described. Special emphasis is placed on digital signal
An increasing incidence of testicular cancer has been reported from several western countries during the last decades. According to current hypothesis testicular cancer is initiated during the foetal period and exposure to endocrine disruptors such as some persistent organic pollutants has been of concern. We have previously reported the results for concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avregleringen av elmarknaden uppmuntrar kraftbolag och oberoende kraftproducenter till att driva sina kraftverksanläggningar på ett marknadsorienterat sätt. För att behålla de ekonomiska marginalerna på plussidan så har de mest populära åtgärderna varit att förbättra elverkningsgraden genom ändringar i hårdvaran samt höja totalverkningsgraden genom till exempel samproduThe deregulation of the electricity market drives utilities and independent power producers to operate heat and power plants as profit centers. In order to keep the economic margins on the credit side, the preferred measures have been to improve the electrical efficiency through changes in the hardware and boost the overall efficiency through e.g. combined heat and power (CHP) generation. The bett
The purpose of this Phase II study was to evaluate if alum-formulated human recombinant GAD65 is safe and does not compromise beta cell function. The study was conducted as a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation clinical trial in a total of 47 Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) patients who received either placebo or 4, 20, 100, or 500 μg Diamyd subcutaneously at
The possibilities and limitations of the rediagonalization method for detection and removal of virtual interactions at bandcrossings are explored in the framework of the cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky shell model. Improvements of the method are suggested.
Transient wave propagation in a finite bi-isotropic slab is treated. The incident field impinges normally on the slab, which can be inhomogeneous wrt depth. Dispersion and bi-isotropy are modeled by time convolutions in the constitutive relations. Outside the slab the medium is assumed to be homogeneous, non-dispersive and isotropic, and such that there is no phase velocity mismatch at the boundar
A mathematical model is presented for calculating heat release rate in the Room Corner Test, where lining materials are mounted on both walls and ceiling. The model is based on a thermal theory for concurrent flow flame spread. By using a simple mathematical representation of the heat release rate from the Cone Calorimeter, analytical solutions are arrived at for the velocity and position of the p
The preliminary results from the RISING Stopped Beam Isomer Campaign are presented, with specific focus on results of the initial experiment to investigate isomeric decays along the N=Z line around A similar to 80-90 following the projectile fragmentation of a Ag-107 primary beam at an energy of 750 MeV per nucleon. A description of the technical aspects behind the design of the RISING array is pr
PURPOSE: To describe a component-based aortomonoiliac stent-graft system and the first clinical results achieved with this device in endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. METHODS: From November 1993 to October 1996, 45 patients aged 60 to 86 years underwent endoluminal exclusion of true AAAs (median diameter 60 mm) involving the common iliac arteries (median diameter 16 mm right and
The aim of this paper is to propose a framework for the evaluation of policy instruments designed to affect development and dissemination of new energy technologies. The evaluation approach is based on the analysis of selected outcome indicators describing the process of technical change, i.e. the development and dissemination of new energy technologies, on the basis of a socio-technical systems a
Here, a conceptual model is presented for the development of Phytophthora disease in pedunculate oak. The model is presented using the causal loop diagram tool and gives an overview of how various abiotic and biotic factors, such as soil moisture, nutrient availability and mycorrhizal colonization, may affect the reproduction and the infective capacity of soil-borne Phytophthora species, the susce
The number and diversity of chemicals produced and used in society today are growing in conjunction with the both evident and uncertain environmental impacts associated with the life cycles of these chemicals. Chemical management services (CMS) is a business strategy based on a strategic, long-term contract, according to which the supplier of chemical management services accepts the responsibility
