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What do we gain from labeling certain norms of social organization law? This question provides the backdrop against which this chapter will examine the works of Leon Petrażycki and Eugen Ehrlich, two of the founders of legal sociology who devised concepts of law broader than state law. In the course of this examination we shall also assess the relevance of Petrażycki’s 'intuitive law' and Ehrlich’
A European Union (EU) directive on vitamins and minerals used as ingredients of food supplements with a nutritional or physiological effect (2002/46/EC) was introduced in 2003. Its implications for the use of oral supplements of calcium and vitamin D in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis were discussed at a meeting organized with the help of the World Health Organization ( WHO) Collabora
The internal structure of composite gels made of responsive microgel particles inserted into a bulk hydrogel (N-isopropylacrylamide microgel particles in a cross-linked dimethylacrylamide matrix) has been investigated from the diffusion behavior of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) probes through the network, in the absence of specific interactions between the diffusing molecules and the system. The eff
A summary is presented of ATLAS searches for gluinos and first- and second-generation squarks in final states containing jets and missing transverse momentum, with or without leptons or b-jets, in the root s = 8 TeV data set collected at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012. This paper reports the results of new interpretations and statistical combinations of previously published analyses, as well as
A search for the Zγ decay of the Higgs boson, with Z boson decays into pairs of electrons or muons is presented. The analysis uses proton–proton collision data at s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed data are consistent with the expected background with a p-value of 1.3%. An upper limit at 95% con
Obesity, and obesity-associated conditions such as hypertension, chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, are important risk factors for severe Coronavirus dis-ease-2019 (COVID-19). The common denominator is metaflammation, a portmanteau of metabolism and inflammation, which is characterized by chronically elevated levels of leptin and pro-inflam-matory cytokines. These
This paper explores the evolution of Swedish stabilization policies through six policy regimes between 1873 and 2019. We focus on discretionary policy decisions by estimating policy shocks using a SVAR model. Through these shocks, we explore how stabilization policies have evolved over time and how policymakers responded to key economic events such as financial crises and wars. Our results show thThis paper explores the evolution of Swedish stabilisation policies through six policy regimes between 1873 and 2019. We focus on discretionary policy decisions by estimating policy shocks using a SVAR model. Through these shocks, we explore how stabilisation policies have evolved over time and how policymakers responded to key economic events such as financial crises and wars. Our results show th
The origin of eukaryotes represents an unresolved puzzle in evolutionary biology. Current research suggests that eukaryotes evolved from a merger between a host of archaeal descent and an alphaproteobacterial endosymbiont. The discovery of the Asgard archaea, a proposed archaeal superphylum that includes Lokiarchaeota, Thorarchaeota, Odinarchaeota and Heimdallarchaeota suggested to comprise the cl
The digitalization of the process for building permit (involving the use of 3D information systems) is seen as a priority in a wide part of the world. Since it is a very multidisciplinary use case, involving a variety of stakeholders tackling complex issues and topics, some of them joined their efforts and skills in the European Network for Digital Building Permit. The initial activity of the netw
Konflikten i den Syriska Arabiska Republiken började för mer än tio år sedan och ingen lösning är i sikte. Konflikten anses vara den mest dokumenterade konflikten någonsin. Trots att konflikten har pågått under en lång tid saknas det straffrättsligt ansvar för de begångna brotten. Det har gjorts försök, att genom användandet av international straffrätt hänvisa konflikten till den Internationella BThe conflict in the Syrian Arab Republic is ongoing since more than ten years, and there is no end in sight. The conflict is deemed to be the most documented conflict of all time. Despite the longevity of the conflict, there has been a lack of criminal accountability for the crimes committed. The international community has through the use of international criminal law attempted to refer the confl
This thesis explores the behavioural effect of carbon labels on conscious food consumption. A constantly increasing awareness of sustainable challenges, transparency for stakeholders and constant development of regulatory guidelines for food labelling communication raise a need for further consumer understanding. By assessing previous observational and quantitative findings on food products'
De senaste åren har beskattning av den digitala ekonomin hamnat i focus. Det har gett upphov till att bl.a. OECD och EU har kommit med förslag på hur man ska kunna lösa detta dilemma. Traditionellt blir ett företag beskattat i den stat där detta har hemvist eller i den stat där företaget har ett fast driftställe för vilket det är angivet flera olika anknytningspunkter. Dessa anknytningsfaktorer byIn the last couple of years, taxation of the digital economy has become a subject that is on everybody’s mind. This has given rise to attempts from OECD and EU, amongst others, to solve this dilemma. For a company to be taxed in a state it must be a resident in that state or be attributed a permanent establishment that requires that the company has a physical presence in the state. This makes taxi
Abstract Background and Purpose: Members of the Millennial Generation are stereotypically described as job-hoppers, who tend to frequently change jobs after approximately 16 months of employment. This study aims to shed light on the retention management of Millennials in relation to the importance of 360-degree feedback. Focusing on the Millennial Generation, the following two research questions
Introduction: While it is recognized that there are costs associated with postoperative patient follow-up, risk assessments of catastrophic health expenditures (CHEs) due to surgery in sub-Saharan Africa rarely include expenses after discharge. We describe patient-level costs for cesarean section (c-section) and follow-up care up to postoperative day (POD) 30 and evaluate the contribution of follo
Figure presented Sequential addition of Grignard reagents to pyridine N-oxides in THF at room temperature followed by treatment with acetic anhydride at 120°C afforded 2-substituted pyridines in good to high yields. Furthermore, by exchanging acetic anhydride for DMF in the second step, 2-substituted pyridine N-oxides were obtained, as intermediates suitable for addition of a second Grignard reage
By applying the sociological concept of ‘emplacement’, this article analyses the creation of the ‘District of Mutual Respect’ in the old, neglected part of Wrocław (former German Breslau), a city which became Polish and lost its German population due to their forced migration after the Second World War. The District has in the last 20 years been transformed from slum to attractive environment and
