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Background: Metformin is one of the most used drugs worldwide. Given the increasing use of proteomics in trials, bioresources, and clinics, it is crucial to understand the influence of metformin on the levels of the circulating proteome. Methods: We analysed a combined longitudinal proteomics dataset from the IMPOCT, RAMP and S3WP-T2D clinical trials in 98 participants before and after metformin e
Bacteriophages must overcome diverse bacterial immune systems, yet the molecular principles enabling such escape remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the phage homing endonuclease SegB facilitates immune evasion by promoting the segmental amplification of anti-defense loci. The antiphage defense Septu inhibits phage T6 replication by cleaving the variable loop of tRNATyr. We show that SegB
Background: Limited evidence exists for effect modification of genetic characteristics on the associations of food consumption and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). Objectives: We aimed to investigate whether the food-T2D association would vary by genetic susceptibility to metabolic traits. Methods: We analyzed data from 9542 incident T2D cases and a subcohort of 12,477 participants nested within th
Bacteria encode diverse defence systems, including restriction-modification and CRISPR-Cas, that cleave nucleic acid to protect against phage infection. Bioinformatic analyses demonstrate that many recently identified antiphage defence operons comprise a nuclease and NTPase protein, suggesting that additional nucleic acid-targeting systems remain to be understood. Here we develop large-scale compa
Long RSH enzymes, Rel and RelA, are master regulators of bacterial (p)ppGpp alarmones levels. Bifunctional Rel transitions between a compact hydrolysis-competent (HD ON) state, a relaxed catalytically inactive (HD OFF/SYNTH OFF) state, and an elongated synthesis-competent (SYNTH ON) state, whereas RelA samples only the latter two. The distribution of these states is controlled by starved ribosomes
Brevmall 1 Mall för kursplaner vid samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten Nedanstående uppgifter utgör ett minimikrav för innehåll i kursplaner framtagna vid samhällsvetenskapliga fakulteten. Innehållet baseras på Högskoleförordningen (HF), tillämpningsföreskrifter för Lunds universitet (SU2012/244), Lokala regler för examina och utbildningar vid Lunds universitet 2012-06-14 (I G 43 5518/2006) och unive
Aims/hypothesis: Islet autoimmunity may progress to adult-onset diabetes. We investigated whether circulating odd-chain fatty acids (OCFA) 15:0 and 17:0, which are inversely associated with type 2 diabetes, interact with autoantibodies against GAD65 (GAD65Ab) on the incidence of adult-onset diabetes. Methods: We used the European EPIC-InterAct case–cohort study including 11,124 incident adult-onse
Spatial orientation is a prerequisite for most behaviors. In insects, the underlying neural computations take place in the central complex (CX), the brain’s navigational center. In this region different streams of sensory information converge to enable context-dependent navigational decisions. Accordingly, a variety of CX input neurons deliver information about different navigation-relevant cues.
Background AU Self-reported: Pleaseconfirmthatallheadinglevelsarerepresentedcorrectly adherence to the Mediterranean diet has been: modestly inversely associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in cohort studies. There is uncertainty about the validity and magnitude of this association due to subjective reporting of diet. The association has not been evaluated using an objectively measured
OBJECTIVES: Evidence on waning patterns in protection from vaccine-induced, infection-induced, and hybrid immunity against death is scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the temporal trends in protection against mortality.METHODS: Population-based case-control study nested in the total population of Scania Region, Sweden using individual-level registry data of COVID-19-related deaths (<30 day
Focusing on the photoinduced electron transfer properties of the D-D-A molecule ((TPA-TT)-BODIPY-C60) in an external electric field (Fext), the excited-state properties in which the double-donor molecule is excited to form three charge-separated states were simulated. The charge-Transfer processes of these three charge-separated states were investigated by considering the two donors as a whole ((T
Background: Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery. Results: To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and m
The application of multiple omics technologies in biomedical cohorts has the potential to reveal patient-level disease characteristics and individualized response to treatment. However, the scale and heterogeneous nature of multi-modal data makes integration and inference a non-trivial task. We developed a deep-learning-based framework, multi-omics variational autoencoders (MOVE), to integrate suc
The Nordic countries offer an ideal case study of the COVID-19 pandemic due to their comparability, high data quality, and variable mitigations. We investigated the age- and sex-specific mortality patterns during 2020–2021 for the five Nordic countries and analysed the total age- and sex-adjusted excess deaths, ratios of actual to expected death rates, and age-standardized excess death estimates.
Investigating the optical properties of various chemical compounds using UV-vis spectrophotometers is an essential part of education in chemistry. However, commercial spectrophotometers are usually treated as "magic black boxes", where the dominant majority of optical elements are hidden "under the hood". This often limits understanding of the mechanisms behind the generation of spectral curves, w
Objective: To assess whether adding prostate volume to the kallikrein panel improves discrimination for ISUP Grade Group 2 or higher (GG2+) disease, as some men may have volume measurements available at the time of blood draw. While prostate volume predicts biopsy outcome, it requires an imaging procedure for measurement. The four kallikrein panel - commercially available as the 4Kscore - predicts
Organisms in the wild are faced with multiple threats and a common response is a change in behaviour. To disentangle responses to several threats, we exposed two differently sized species of the freshwater invertebrate Daphnia to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and predation from either moving pelagic or benthic ambush predators. Using an advanced nanotechnology-based method, we tracked the thre
