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Discovering topological quantum materials that combine nontrivial topology with large bandgaps and experimentally accessible signatures remains a central pursuit in condensed matter physics. We demonstrate, through first-principles calculations and tight-binding modeling, that pyrite-type osmium disulfide (OsS2) is a fragile topological insulator (FTI) characterized by an exceptionally large direc
Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a rheumatic disorder that causes chronic joint inflammation beginning before the age of 16 years. Pharmacological treatment necessary to prevent joint destruction and functional impairment includes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), intra-articular corticosteroids, conventional synthetic (cs) disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DM
This study investigated the birth prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in Sweden between 2000 and 2020 using data from the Swedish National Medical Birth Register, which includes over 97% of children born in the country, and its subregister the National Register of Congenital Anomalies. The dataset included 2,230,771 anonymized children, with the variables year of birth, sex and diagnoses
Laser-induced incandescence (LII) is a versatile technique for quantitative soot measurements in flames and exhausts. When used for particle sizing, the time-resolved signals are analysed as these will show a decay rate dependent on the soot particle size. Such an analysis has traditionally been based on the assumption of isolated primary particles. However, soot particles in flames and exhausts a
Abstract Determination of the respiratory tract deposition of airborne particles is critical for risk assessment of air pollution, inhaled drug delivery, and understanding of respiratory disease. With the advent of nanotechnology, there has been an increasing interest in the measurement of pulmonary deposition of nanoparticles because of their unique properties in inhalation toxicology and medicin
The intensive use of nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles in many different applications necessitates studies on their risk assessment as there are still open questions on their safe handling and utilization. For reliable risk assessment, the interaction of TiO2 nanoparticles (NP) with biological systems ideally needs to be investigated using physico-chemically uniform and well-characteriz
Particulate air pollution increases risk of cancer and cardiopulmonary disease, partly through oxidative stress. Traffic-related noise increases risk of cardiovascular disease and may cause oxidative stress. In this controlled random sequence study, 18 healthy subjects were exposed for 3h to diesel exhaust (DE) at 276μg/m(3) from a passenger car or filtered air, with co-exposure to traffic noise a
The ability of particles to activate and form cloud droplets influences the functioning of the Earth's hydrological cycle. This work links the particle water uptake at subsaturation to the critical supersaturation ratio needed for particles to become cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Five models using the particle hygroscopic growth at subsaturation for predicting the critical supersaturation neede
Adverse early-life conditions have lasting effects on old-age health and mortality (Almond, 2006, Barker, 1992, Barker, 1994, Mazumder et al., 2010 and Roseboom et al., 2006). Some have even considered reductions in early life disease exposure to be a primary driver of historical mortality declines (Finch and Crimmins, 2004). Consequently, understanding the mechanisms through which early and later
Although recommended by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes, the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPICR) creatinine equation was not targeted to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among older adults. The Berlin Initiative Study (BIS1CR) equation was specifically developed in older adults, and the Lund-Malmö revised (LMRCR) and the Full Age Spectrum (FASCR) eq
Recent years have seen the development of new iron-centered N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes for solar energy applications. Compared to typical ligand systems, the NHC ligands provide Fe complexes with longer-lived metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states. This increased lifetime is ascribed to strong ligand field splitting provided by the NHC ligands that raises the energy levels of th
This research was part of the Salutary Umeå Study of Aerosols in Biomass Cookstove Emissions (SUSTAINE) laboratory experiment campaign. We studied ice-nucleating abilities of particulate emissions from solid-fuel-burning cookstoves, using a portable ice nuclei counter, Spectrometer Ice Nuclei (SPIN). These emissions were generated from two traditional cookstove types commonly used for household co
Despite a few reports of photoluminescent and strongly photo-oxidizing transition metal complexes with a d5 electronic configuration, the photophysics and photochemistry of this class of transition metal complexes have largely remained unexplored. Recent investigations of earth-abundant iron(III) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have demonstrated promising photophysical and photochemical pro
A homoleptic organometallic FeIV complex that is stable in both solution and in the solid state at ambient conditions has been synthesized and isolated as [Fe(phtmeimb)2](PF6)2 (phtmeimb=[phenyl(tris(3-methylimidazolin-2-ylidene))borate]−). This FeIV N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex was characterized by 1H NMR, HR-MS, elemental analysis, scXRD analysis, electrochemistry, Mößbauer spectroscopy,
Exposure to airborne particulate matter is associated with a number of negative health effects ranging from respiratory diseases to systemic effects and cancer. One important factor for understanding the health effects is the individual variation in the respiratory tract deposition of inhaled particles. In this study, we describe an experimental set-up for size-resolved measurements of the lung de
The development of good writing skills is fundamental not only to publish scientific results, but also to have a deeper understanding of complex subjects. However reports from the Swedish Higher Education Authority from 2012-2015 suggest that engineering students at Lund University have unsatisfactory academic writing skills. Our paper investigates how students of the Faculty of Engineering at Lun
