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The 2008 Kasatochi volcanic eruption emitted 1.5-2.5 Tg SO2 into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Parts of the main volcanic plume (gases and particles) reached central Europe a week after the eruption and were detected there by the CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for Regular investigation of the Atmosphere based on an Instrument Container) flying observatory. The plume was also observed by t

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi depend on a C supply from the plant host and simultaneously provide phosphorus to the colonized plant. We therefore evaluated the influence of external P on C allocation in monoxenic Daucus carota-Glomus intraradices cultures in an AM symbiosis. Fungal hyphae proliferated from a solid minimal medium containing colonized roots into a C-free liquid minimal medium wi

We present a batch method for recovering Euclidian camera motion from sparse image data. The main purpose of the algorithm is to recover the motion parameters using as much of the available information and as few computational steps as possible. The algorithm thus places itself in the gap between factorisation schemes, which make use of all available information in the initial recovery step, and s

In this paper, 2 adaptive spectral estimation techniques are analyzed for spectral Doppler ultrasound. The purpose is to minimize the observation window needed to estimate the spectrogram to provide a better temporal resolution and gain more flexibility when designing the data acquisition sequence. The methods can also provide better quality of the estimated power spectral density (PSD) of the blo

This work represents an amalgam of a group of studies with the purpose of understanding the influence of the Pacific and Atlantic sea surface temperature on precipitation and river discharge in Northeastern South America. Sea surface temperature is a good representative of phenomena such as ENSO that, in turn, cause worldwide climate variability. The patterns of the Atlantic Ocean sea surface tem

Nodularin (Nod), produced by the brackish/marine cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena, is a potent hepatotoxin, tumor promoter and is possibly carcinogenic to mammals. It is structurally and toxicologically related to the microcystins, produced by Microcystis aeruginosa in fresh water. A better understanding of the kinetics of Nod production might provide an insight into the physiological and ecolog

Textbooks in applied mathematics often use graphs to explain the meaning of formulae, even though their benefit is still not fully explored. To test processes underlying this assumed multimedia effect we collected performance scores, eye movements, and think-aloud protocols from students solving problems in vector calculus with and without graphs. Results showed no overall multimedia effect, but i

This article reviews endovascular strategies for aortic arch repair. Open repair remains the gold standard particularly for good risk patients. Endovascular treatment potentially offers a less invasive repair. Principles, technical considerations, devices and outcomes of each technique are discussed and summarized. Hybrid repair combines less invasive revascularization options, instead of arch rep

Jordan has seen a large increase in population during the past five decades as a result of population growth and forced migrations, and also, accompanied with this increase, a cultural and economical development that has improved the standard of living and changing consumer habits in the community, resulting in a clear increase in the volume of waste. These changes urges the need for finding prope

There is a great potential for phasor measurement applications in Scandinavia, mainly due to the long distance power transmission and limited transmission capacity expansion possibilities. Smart control, based on phasor measurements, can be used as an alternative to additional transmission lines, to increase power transmission capacity. Also the matter of damping is more and more becoming a key is

This thesis addresses the theory and implementation aspects of iteratively decodable codes. Iteratively decodable codes include, in particular, Gallager's regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, Tanner's generalized LDPC (GLDPC) codes, turbo codes due to Berrou et. al. and expander codes. In common, these codes have sparse parity-check matrices, a very particular graph representation and

The radionuclide 14C is produced in all types of nuclear reactors mainly by neutron-induced reactions in oxygen (17O), nitrogen (14N) and carbon (13C). Part of the 14C created is continuously released during normal operation as airborne effluents in various chemical forms (such as CO2, CO and hydrocarbons) to the surroundings. Because of the biological importance of carbon and the long physical ha

A transition probability is essentially a likelihood of ’something random’ transitioning from one state of being to another. Though, more formally, for all intents and purposes, the ’something random’ is a sequence of random events, which is a stochastic process. There are many stochastic processes that are valuable to understand. Examples can be found in a multitude of topics, from finance to biol

I dagsläget finns det otroliga mängder data som ackumuleras bland företag och i organisationer. Denna datan kan användas för att förstå och förbättra produkter, tjänster och processer och i slutändan bidra till att förbättra samhället. En del av denna data innehåller dock personlig information som kan användas för att identifiera en person, vilket kan vara problematiskt ur ett etiskt perspektiv omCollecting and storing data is easier and more common than ever before. A lot of this data is personal data, which is problematic to store and use both for ethical reasons and because of legislations. In some scenarios the personal information in the data is not interesting or relevant for the given task but it is still collected and stored as a byproduct of the data collection. In these scenarios

Sverige har som mål att, år 2040, ha ett helt förnybart elsystem. Idag utgör solceller ungefär 0.2 procent av den totala elproduktionen, men deras marknadsandel ökar hastigt, och antas ha potentialen att leverera 5-10 procent av elproduktionen år 2040. Till följd av den växande solcellsmarknaden har även energilagring, i form av batteri, blivit allt intressantare eftersom man med batterier kan ökaSweden aims to have a completely renewable electricity system by 2040. Today, photovoltaics (PV) account for about 0.2 percent of total electricity production but are estimated to have a potential to deliver between 5 and 10 percent of total electricity production in 2040. The expansion of the PV market share has already started and is increasing rapidly. Because of the growing PV market, energy s

I dagens samhälle används geografiska analyser i stor uträckning som verktyg för att hjälpa till vid beslutsfattning. Det är viktigt att sådana geografiska analyser håller en god kvalitet för att resultatet ska kunna representera verkliga förhållanden. Kvalitetsgranskning av geografiska data är vanligt och flera standarder har tagits fram som beskriver hur geografiska data ska insamlas och kvaliteGeographical analysis is increasingly used in decision making processess. It is therefore very important that such analysis is performed with a satisfying quality, so that the results can be used as a representative model of reality. Quality descriptions of spatial data are common and several standards have been developed that describes how spatial data should be gathered and quality assured. Less

From the beginning Parajett was a printing company which has developed into a graphical IT company. Today Parajett delivers complete communication solutions to their customers. The customers demand more flexible solutions and this generates more work in the programming department. High postage cost, small edition and poor security are some of Parajett’s problems. To solve these problems Parajet wo

Amelogenin is a major constituent of enamel matrix protein that is responsible for the development of tooth enamel. Due to its self-assembly and physicochemical properties, amelogenin has been widely used as one of the natural biomaterials. Amelogenin, along with the other enamel matrix proteins have been known for its regenerative properties. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the enginee

Genom denna kvalitativa studie undersöks dansstuderandes behov av musikundervisning vid högre dansutbildningar. Studiens empiri är främst baserad på intervjuer med fyra informanter med lång tids yrkeserfarenheter av dans inom olika områden. Genom informanternas uttalan-den om dans och musik bearbetas frågeställningen om rytmik som musikpedagogisk metod kan varaen hjälp för danselever att närma sigTitle: Eurhythmics at professionaldance educations. A study based on four persons' experiences of eurhythmics and music education at professional dance educations. This qualitative study examines dance students' needs for music education at professional dance educations. The study's empirical work is based primarily on interviews with four informants with longterm professional experie