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This thesis performs a critical evaluation of the original Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) of the Lund tramway project, focusing on its adherence to the then-current Swedish national appraisal guidelines (ASEK 5) and the accuracy of its demand forecasts. An updated demand forecast and monetary valuation of time savings are constructed and compared to the original CBA projections by using empirical pas
Debt-for-nature swaps have been designed to address the polycrisis of high debt, climate change and biodiversity loss in developing countries by restructuring sovereign debt and directing resultant savings towards conservation. However, they are marred by multiple drawbacks including the violation of debtor nation sovereignty by international financial actors. This thesis attempts the first academ
The inclusive cross section for the production of a single top quark in association with a Formula Presented boson is measured using Formula Presented of proton-proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at Formula Presented. Events containing two charged leptons and at least one jet identified as originating from a Formula Presented-quark are selected. A multivariate discriminant is
A study of resonant structures in B+→D∗+D-K+ and B+→D∗-D+K+ decays is performed, using proton-proton collision data at center-of-mass energies of s=7, 8, and 13 TeV recorded by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb-1. A simultaneous amplitude fit is performed to the two channels with contributions from resonances decaying to D∗-D+ and D∗+D- states linked by C parit
A search for CP violation in the decay kinematics and vector-boson fusion production of the Higgs boson is performed in the H → ZZ* → 4ℓ (ℓ = e, μ) decay channel. The results are based on proton-proton collision data produced at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector from 2015 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1. Matrix element-ba
The need for large-scale production of highly accurate simulated event samples for the extensive physics programme of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider motivates the development of new simulation techniques. Building on the recent success of deep learning algorithms, variational autoencoders and generative adversarial networks are investigated for modelling the response of the cent
Precision measurements of electron reconstruction, identification, and isolation efficiencies and photon identification efficiencies are presented. They use the full Run 2 data sample collected by the ATLAS experiment in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV during the years 2015–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1. The measured electron identification efficien
Fiducial and total W± and Z boson cross sections, their ratios and the ratio of top-antitop-quark pair and W-boson fiducial cross sections are measured in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of s=13.6 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 fb−1 of data collected in 2022 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The measured fiducial cross-section values fo
A search for R-parity-violating supersymmetry in final states with high jet multiplicity is presented. The search uses 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment during Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider. The results are interpreted in the context of R-parity-violating supersymmetry models that feature prompt gluino-pair production decaying directly to
A measurement of the invisible width of the Z boson using events with jets and missing transverse momentum is presented using 37 fb−1 of 13 TeV proton–proton data collected by the ATLAS detector in 2015 and 2016. The ratio of Z→inv to Z→ℓℓ events, where inv refers to non-detected particles and ℓ is either an electron or a muon, is measured and corrected for detector effects. Events with at least o
A search for CP violation in D0→KS0K+π− and D0→KS0K−π+ decays is reported. The search is performed using an unbinned model-independent method known as the energy test that probes local CP violation in the phase space of the decays. The data analysed correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 fb−1 collected in proton-proton collisions by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 13 T
A combination of searches for Higgs boson decays into a visible photon and a massless dark photon (H → γγd) is presented using 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper limit on the Standard Model Higgs boson decay branching ratio is determined to
The energy and mass measurements of jets are crucial tasks for the Large Hadron Collider experiments. This paper presents a new calibration method to simultaneously calibrate these quantities for large-radius jets measured with the ATLAS detector using a deep neural network (DNN). To address the specificities of the calibration problem, special loss functions and training procedures are employed,
Readers of the Journal of Common Market Studies may be surprised and perhaps confused to see references to the speculative fiction (SF) film Arrival and ‘planetary politics’ in this symposium of the premier journal for the study of the European Union (EU). What can we learn from a SF film or the unheard-of politics of the planet in our study of EU politics? might be a good question.This month 80%
A measurement of time-dependent CP violation in D0→π+π-π0 decays using a pp collision data sample collected by the LHCb experiment in 2012 and from 2015 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.7 fb-1, is presented. The initial flavor of each D0 candidate is determined from the charge of the pion produced in the D∗(2010)+→D0π+ decay. The decay D0→K-π+π0 is used as a control channel
