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Fire is a pivotal aspect of human involvement in the carbon cycle. However, the precise timing of the large-scale human fire use remains uncertain. Here, we report a pyrogenic carbon record of East Asian fire history over the past 300,000 y from the East China Sea. This record suggests a rapid increase in fire activity since approximately 50,000 y ago, indicating a decoupling from the monsoon clim
The Galactic center and inner disk of the Milky Way contain complex stellar populations obscured by heavy dust extinction. To study their chemical composition, high-resolution near-infrared (near-IR) spectroscopy is necessary. Expanding the set of elements measurable in the near-IR, especially neutron-capture elements, improves our ability to trace nucleosynthesis and Galactic chemical evolution.
Introduction: Vulvar cancer may cause serious local symptoms that may impact negatively on the woman's health-related quality of life (HRQOL). However, knowledge about the prevalence of vulvar and lymphedema symptoms at diagnosis and during follow-up is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal development of vulvar and lymphedema symptoms as well as the trajectory of HRQOL i
Objective: It has been reported that metastatic lymph nodes can be present in the parauterine lymphovascular (PULT) and in lateral paracervical lymphatic tissue as in-transit disease in patients with cervical cancer. This study aimed to clarify the understanding of in-transit positive lymph nodes in PULT and lateral paracervix and its clinical management in patients with cervical cancer, based on
Background: The 313-variant polygenic risk score (PRS313) provides a promising tool for clinical breast cancer risk prediction. However, evaluation of the PRS313 across different European populations which could influence risk estimation has not been performed. Methods: We explored the distribution of PRS313 across European populations using genotype data from 94,072 females without breast cancer
“Seeding” is the addition of preformed fibrils to a solution of monomeric protein to accelerate its aggregation into new fibrils. It is a versatile and widely used tool for scientists studying protein aggregation kinetics, as it enables the isolation and separate study of discrete reaction steps contributing to protein aggregation, specifically elongation and secondary nucleation. However, the see
Soft pair potentials predict a reentrant liquid phase for high concentrations, a behavior not observed experimentally. Here, very soft microgels confined at an oil-water interface are used as a model system of particles interacting via a soft potential in 2D. Interfacial rheology measurements demonstrate the existence of different flow regimes that depend on the compression of the monolayer. Such
Using a mixed-methods approach, we assessed understanding of risks from exposure to the non-threshold carcinogen hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) among workers (n = 113) and occupational health and safety managers (n = 13) at 14 worksites with potential exposure to Cr(VI). We found that 55% of the workers had a measurable concentration of inhalable Cr(VI), with 19% exceeding 1 µg/m3, a level that corr
Prussian blue (PB) nanozymes have emerged as durable enzyme-mimicking catalysts with broad applications across many fields. Practical uses often involve exposure to salinity that influences their colloidal and catalytic behaviors, yet the specific effects of ions on PB particles are underexplored. This study investigates how electrolyte type and concentration affect the colloidal stability and enz
In Alzheimer's disease (AD) there is accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau (pTau) in the brain. Aβ activates kinases that phosphorylate tau. Increased pTau181 is a signal for hyperphosphorylation of tau. The generation of Aβ from amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the release of heparan sulfate (HS) from the proteoglycan glypican-1 (GPC1) are interconnected. Release of HS is
Ibrutinib was approved for relapsed/refractory (R/R) mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) based on high response rates in clinical trials, but it is unclear how effective ibrutinib is in the real-world setting. This study provides population-based response rates and survival estimates and characterization of prognostic indicators and adverse events (AEs) to ibrutinib for patients with R/R MCL. All patients
Objectives Para athletes may face unique challenges in the anti-doping system, including issues of privacy, implementation, comprehension and accessibility. While previous studies have examined non-disabled athletes’ views, little is known about how international elite Para athletes perceive anti-doping procedures. The aim of this study was to increase the understanding of elite Para athletes’ exp
Plants take up carbon dioxide (CO2) through photosynthesis. How this will change with rising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere will strongly determine future climate change. An increase in the seasonal variations of atmospheric CO2 in recent decades indicates a positive trend in photosynthetic carbon uptake. We combined data-driven seasonal cycles of plant productivity with carbon sinks across
This chapter reflects on the experiences – challenges, opportunities, considerations, consequences – of conducting field research as a parent. Through a series of reflections on and from field research, we locate our individual experiences as part of a broader conversation about conducting academic field research while a parent – and various decisions that need to be made, compromises reached, bar
Background: Exertional breathlessness is a cardinal symptom of people with chronic airflow limitation (CAL) and can be evaluated using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Research Question: Does abnormally high exertional breathlessness in relationship to the rate of oxygen uptake (V′O2) and minute ventilation (V′E) indicate different underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinical charac
Objective The investigation of complement factors in lupus nephritis (LN) in relation to treatment response and the impact of underlying genetics of C4. Methods Seventy-seven patients with active LN confirmed by a kidney biopsy and in whom second biopsies had been performed after immunosuppressive treatment were included. Complement factors C3, C4, C4d and C4d/C4 ratio were evaluated at the biopsy
Background: Decision-making regarding treatment limitations such as “Do not attempt resuscitation” (DNAR) orders for older patients has been found deficient. Patients ≥ 80 years with substantial comorbidity have little chance of surviving cardiac arrest, thus require thorough risk classification focusing on comorbidity and frailty. This study aimed to explore the degree of frailty, comorbidity and
Background: Previous literature indicate retinal hyperspectral imaging as a non-invasive method with the potential for identifying amyloid-beta (Aβ) protein deposits. Current diagnostic methods, such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis or positron emission tomography, are costly, invasive, and non-scalable. Hyperspectral imaging offers a potentially accessible alternative for early detection of Alzhei
