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Background: Many children who have overweight or obesity before puberty can develop obesity in early adulthood, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The preschool years (ages 0-5) represents a point of opportunity for children to be active, develop healthy eating habits, and maintain healthy growth. Surveillance of childhood overweight and obesity in this age group can help

Accurate and early detection of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is critical for timely intervention and improved patient outcomes. However, the development of reliable deep learning models for hematological image analysis is challenged by limited data availability, dataset bias, and the need for trustworthy predictions in clinical settings. In this study, we propose a Bayesian deep learning fra

Compared with more sophisticated equilibrium theory, naive, non-equilibrium behavioral rules often better describe individuals’ initial play in games. In addition, in repeated play in games, when individuals have the opportunity to learn about their opponents’ past behavior, learning models of different sophistication levels are successful in explaining how individuals modify their behavior in res

Background: The effects of peri-operative training interventions in connection with oesophageal surgery have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this randomised, controlled, single-blind study was to evaluate a peri-operative physical training programme in patients undergoing oesophageal cancer resection surgery due to cancer of the oesophagus or the gastro-oesophageal junction. Methods:

People with obesity commonly face a pervasive, resilient form of social stigma. They are often subject to discrimination in the workplace as well as in educational and healthcare settings. Research indicates that weight stigma can cause physical and psychological harm, and that affected individuals are less likely to receive adequate care. For these reasons, weight stigma damages health, undermine

This review is based on an exploration of the published literature over the past 20 years in the area of weight bias, stigma and discrimination and its association with obesity treatment. National and international obesity organizations have identified obesity stigma as a key barrier to effectively addressing the obesity epidemic and have called for theory driven interventions to reduce it. Both t

Background: Pro-neurotensin (pro-NT) is the stable circulating precursor of neurotensin (NT), a neuropeptide expressed mainly in the central nervous system and small intestine that regulates key physiological processes like fatty acid absorption in the gut and suppresses appetite via central mechanisms. Studies in NT-deficient mice and humans implicate NT in obesity and insulin resistance, highlig

Inter-arm blood pressure differences (IABPDs) can be caused by atherosclerosis. We investigated 29921 men and women aged 50–64years from the nationwide population-based Swedish CArdio Pulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS) to evaluate if IABPD is related to risk factors for atherosclerosis and can be used as a marker of atherosclerosis as evaluated by coronary artery calcium score, arterial segment inv

Background: Metastatic disease is the main cause of breast cancer (BC)-related deaths, but prediction of metastases remains challenging especially in the large and diverse group with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumors. Molecular tumor features beyond currently used markers could provide important information for stratifying metastatic r

This study examined whether immersive virtual reality (VR) supports second-language vocabulary learning in school-aged children compared to passive computer-based training. Seventy-three Swedish middle-school students learned novel words by assembling objects in VR and by viewing object assembly on a computer screen in a crossover design. Word recall was tested after each condition, and individual

Conventional capacity expansion planning (CEP) relies on a perfect-foresight planning horizon and linear investment optimisation, which fail to capture the non-linear dynamics of electricity markets. In the Nordics, hydro-related weather variability plays a critical role in maintaining the robustness of the power system. This paper addresses the intra-year perfect-foresight limitation in current C

The Ordovician Period includes two major macroevolutionary events: the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) and the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction (LOME), alongside a fundamental climate transition from a greenhouse to an icehouse state. Although both biological events occurred during relatively short-term global cooling conditions, their starkly contrasting biotic responses remain po

Platinum electrodes are of key importance in electrocatalysis due to their high activity for the hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions. Industrially-relevant Pt electrodes typically exhibit significant surface heterogeneity ( i.e. , poly-/nanocrystallinity), complicating the establishment of clear relationships between structure and electrochemical properties. To unravel the influence

Fluid biomarkers are revolutionizing the diagnosis and management of neurodegenerative diseases by enabling earlier diagnosis and disease monitoring. In particular, blood-based biomarkers have emerged as a minimally invasive and scalable alternative to cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Recent advances in blood-based tau biomarkers have shown high diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Other

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this study was to review public and private sector obesity policies in Canada and to make recommendations for future evidence-based obesity prevention and management strategies.RECENT FINDINGS: Synthesis of obesity prevention and management policies and research studies are presented in three primary themes: (1) Increased awareness about the impact of weight bias

OBJECTIVES: Public health policies have been criticized for promoting a simplistic narrative that may contribute to weight bias. Weight bias can impact population health by increasing morbidity and mortality. The objectives of this study were to: 1) critically analyze Canadian obesity prevention policies and strategies to identify underlying dominant narratives; 2) deconstruct dominant narratives

Neuroinflammation emerges as a central driver of neurodegeneration, yet the molecular regulators orchestrating pathological microglial activation remain incompletely understood. This thesis investigates galectin-3 (Gal3), a glycan-binding protein with dual roles in microglial homeostasis and inflammatory signaling, as a master regulator linking neuroinflammation to proteinopathy progression in Alz