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Throughout different eras and cultures what is considered the cosmetically ideal breast has varied greatly. There is no broadly accepted standardised method that objectively evaluates aesthetic outcome after breast reduction mammoplasty. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the result of breast reduction regarding nipple position, comparing it to an objective previously described standard
A Swedish pedigree with an autosomal dominant inheritance of idiopathic scoliosis was initially studied by genetic linkage analysis, prioritising genomic regions for further analysis. This revealed a locus on chromosome 1 with a putative risk haplotype shared by all affected individuals. Two affected individuals were subsequently exome-sequenced, identifying a rare, non-synonymous variant in the C
Context. The velocity distribution of stars in the solar neighbourhood is inhomogeneous and rich with stellar streams and kinematic structures. These may retain important clues regarding the formation and dynamical history of the Milky Way. However, the nature and origin of many of the streams and structures is unclear, hindering our understanding of how the Milky Way formed and evolved. Aims. We
In the region of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China, there has been occurrence of several frequent earthquakes of moderate intensity since reservoir impounding occurred in 2003. These earthquakes are generally believed to be induced by reservoir impoundment and water-level variations. Usually, the geo-stress will change, when natural earthquakes occur. Following this principle, this paper adopt
P4 ATPase flippases translocate phospholipids across biomembranes, thus contributing to the establishment of transmembrane lipid asymmetry, a feature important for multiple cellular processes. The mechanism by which such phospholipid flipping occurs remains elusive as P4 ATPases transport a giant substrate very different from that of other P-type ATPases such as Na+/K+-and Ca2+-ATPases. Based on a
Although plant development is highly reproducible, some stochasticity exists. This developmental stochasticity may be caused by noisy gene expression. Here we analyze the fluctuation of protein expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the photoconvertible KikGR marker, we show that the protein expressions of individual cells fluctuate over time. A dual reporter system was used to study extrinsic
Background The probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum 299v has earlier been shown to increase iron absorption when added to foods. However, it is not known if the same probiotic strain in a freeze-dried format included in a capsule increases the iron absorption. Objective The aim of this study was to test the hypotheses that non-heme iron absorption from a light meal is promoted by a simultaneou
Let C be the unit circle in R2. We can view C as a plane graph whose vertices are all the points on C, and the distance between any two points on C is the length of the smaller arc between them. We consider a graph augmentation problem on C, where we want to place k ≥ 1 shortcuts on C such that the diameter of the resulting graph is minimized. We analyze for each k with 1 ≤ k ≤ 7 what the optimal
The transverse expansion of the electrostatic sheath during target normal sheath acceleration of protons is investigated experimentally using a setup with two synchronized laser pulses. With the pulses spatially separated by less than three laser spot diameters, the resulting proton beam profiles become elliptical. By introducing a small intensity difference between the two pulses, the ellipses ar
Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) are vital regulators of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels in all living organisms. Their activity depends on one or two catalytically active cysteine residues, the peroxidatic Cys (CP) and, if present, the resolving Cys (CR). A detailed catalytic cycle has been derived for typical 2-Cys Prxs, however, little is known about the catalytic cycle of 1-Cys Prxs. We have
A search is presented for particles that decay producing a large jet multiplicity and invisible particles. The event selection applies a veto on the presence of isolated electrons or muons and additional requirements on the number of b-tagged jets and the scalar sum of masses of large-radius jets. Having explored the full ATLAS 2015-2016 dataset of LHC proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV, which c
This paper presents a measurement of the triple-differential cross section for the Drell-Yan process Z/γ* → ℓ+ℓ− where ℓ is an electron or a muon. The measurement is performed for invariant masses of the lepton pairs, mℓℓ, between 46 and 200 GeV using a sample of 20.2 fb−1 of pp collisions data at a centre-of-mass energy of s=8 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012. The data are p
Measurements of transverse energy–energy correlations and their associated asymmetries in multi-jet events using the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. The data used correspond to s=8TeV proton–proton collisions with an integrated luminosity of 20.2fb-1. The results are presented in bins of the scalar sum of the transverse momenta of the two leading jets, unfolded to the particle level and c
We present the charged-particle multiplicity distributions over a wide pseudorapidity range (-3.45.0) for pp collisions at s=0.9,7, and 8 TeV at the LHC. Results are based on information from the Silicon Pixel Detector and the Forward Multiplicity Detector of ALICE, extending the pseudorapidity coverage of the earlier publications and the high-multiplicity reach. The measurements are compared to r
We consider certain parametrised families of piecewise expanding maps on the interval, and estimate and sometimes calculate the Hausdorff dimension of the set of parameters for which the orbit of a fixed point has a certain shrinking target property. This generalises several similar results for β-transformations to more general non-linear families. The proofs are based on a result by Schnellmann o
Multiconfigurational second order perturbation theory was employed in order to describe the ground and excited states of negatively charged fullerenes C60 and fullerene dimers C120. The calculations were performed for all possible spin states. The obtained results can be used to understand the electronic structure of fullerides.
We present a detailed mapping of the dominant kinematical domains contributing to the prompt atmospheric neutrino flux at high neutrino energies by studying their sensitivity to the cuts on several kinematical variables crucial for charm production in cosmic ray scattering in the atmosphere. This includes the maximal center-of-mass energy for proton-proton scattering, the longitudinal momentum fra
High-energy surface-sensitive x-ray diffraction (HESXRD) is a powerful high-energy photon technique (E > 70 keV) that has in recent years proven to allow a fast data acquisition for the 3D structure determination of surfaces and nanoparticles under in situ and operando conditions. The use of a large-area detector facilitates the direct collection of nearly distortion-free diffraction patterns over
Differential migration has been extensively reported in spring, but less so in autumn, particularly in relation to sex in monomorphic bird species. Here, we analysed the autumn passage of a monomorphic, globally threatened passerine, the Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola throughout Western Europe, with regard to age and sex. We showed that, overall, adults migrated earlier than first-year bi
We report on helicity-dependent terahertz emissions that originate from the helicity-dependent photocurrents in topological insulator Sb2Te3 thin films due to ultrafast optical excitation. The polarity of the emitted terahertz radiation is controlled by both the incident angle and the helicity of optical pulses. Using an unprecedented decomposition-recombination procedure in the time domain, the s
