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Oxidation of Pt(CN)42- in aqueous solutions of chlorine has been followed by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. For pH less than ca. 7, the reaction takes place by two parallel paths with Cl2 and HOCl as oxidants. Rate law determined. In unbuffered solutions of chlorine in aqueous NaClO4, the slow HOCl path is predominant, whereas in weakly acidic solutions buffered with HCl, oxidation takes place

Water exchange of tetraaquaplatinum(II) has been studies by use of high-pressure oxygen-17 NMR spectroscopy. Negative entropies and negative volumes of activation support associative activation. The tretraaquapalladium(II) complex reacts 1.4x10exp6 times faster than the corresponding platinum(II) complex.

Anticipated emotions and moral norms have previously been found to influence consumer adoption of pro-environmental products in different ways. However norms and emotions have seldom been combined in order to understand their relations in motivating consumers to adopt sustainable products. Despite the environmental benefits of sustainable products, consumer adoption is slow to take off. Utilizing

The very slow water exchange on Pt(H2O)42+ was studied in the temperature range 273 to 334 K and pressure range 0.1 to 228 MPa by 17O FTNMR, following the increase in height of the signal from bound water observed when platinum(II) solutions are mixed with 17O enriched water. The much faster water exchange on Pd(H2O)42+ was studied in the temperature range 240 to 345 K and pressure range 0.1 to 26

Ligand substitution reactions on square-planar platinum (II) complexes of the types trans-[PtRXL2], trans-[PtR(4-PADA)L2][BF4], trans-[PtRX(LL)] and trans-[PtR(4-PADA)(LL)][BF4], R=H, Me; X=Cl−, I−; L=PEt3, bis(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)benzylphosphine (4). LL=the trans-spanning 2,11-bis[bis(3-trifluoro-methylphenyl)phosphinomethyl]benzo [c]phenanthrene (3); 4-PADA (=pyridine-4-azo-4′-(N, N-dimethLigand substitution reactions on square-planar platinum (II) complexes of the types trans-[PtRXL2], trans-[PtR(4-PADA)L2][BF4], trans-[PtRX(LL)] and trans-[PtR(4-PADA)(LL)][BF4] R=H, Me; X=Cl−, I−; L=PEt3, bis(3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)benzylphosphine (4), LL=the trans-spanning 2,11-bis[bis(3-trifluoro-methylphenyl)phosphinomethyl]benzo [c]phenanthrene (3); 4-PADA (=pyridine-4-azo-4′-(N, N-dimethyl

The XMM-Large scale structure (XMM-LSS), XMM-Cosmological evolution survey (XMM-COSMOS), and XMM-Chandra deep field south (XMM-CDFS) surveys are complementary in terms of sky coverage and depth. Together, they form a clean sample with the least possible variance in instrument effective areas and point spread function. Therefore this is one of the best samples available to determine the 2-10 keV lu

Many different methods have been suggested for the numerical solution of index 2 and 3 Euler-Lagrange equations. We focus on 0-stability of multistep methods (φ, σ) and investigate the relations between some well-known computational techniques. By various modifications, referred to as β-blocking of the σ polynomial, some basic shortcomings of multistep methods may be overcome. This approach is rel

We consider multistep discretizations, stabilized by β-blocking, for Euler-Lagrange DAEs of index 2. Thus we may use “nonstiff” multistep methods with an appropriate stabilizing difference correction applied to the Lagrangian multiplier term. We show that order p =k + 1 can be achieved for the differential variables with order p =k for the Lagrangian multiplier fork-step difference corrected BDF m

In 1990 Venezuela started its Program for the Promotion of Researchers (PPI), in order to foster research in science and technology A partial evaluation of the effects of the program on scientific and technological activities can be carried out using data from the System for :the Promotion of Researchers Foundation Fund (SPI). A complete and definitive evaluation is not possible, due to the fact t

Methods for solving index 3 DAEs based on BDFs suffer a loss of accuracy when there is a change of step size or a change of order of the method. A layer of nonuniform convergence is observed in these cases, and O(1) errors may appear in the algebraic variables. From the viewpoint of error control, it is beneficial to allow smooth changes of step size, and since most codes based on BDFs are of vari

Standard ODE methods such as linear multistep methods encounter difficulties when applied to differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) of index greater than 1. In particular, previous results for index 2 DAEs have practically ruled out the use of all explicit methods and of implicit multistep methods other than backward difference formulas (BDFs) because of stability considerations. In this paper we

Fundamental studies on combustion in laminar, nonpremixed flames are often carried out using conserved scalar quantities. These conserved scalar quantities, represented here by mixture fraction, E, are used as independent variables in activation-energy asymptotic analysis and in rate-ratio asymptotic analysis. These analyses are carried out in the asymptotic limit of large Damköhler number, with c