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Ämnet nationalekonomi omfattar många områden.Här ska jag lägga fokus på ett av dessa, nämligen makroekonomi. Makroekonomen studerar och förklarar fenomen som konjunktursvängningar, tillväxt, arbetslöshet, ränta, växelkurser, löner och inflation. Makroteorin ligger till grund för förslag om hur samhällsekonomin kan styras genom stabiliseringspolitik. Denna består traditionellt av två grenar: finansÄmnet nationalekonomi omfattar många områden.Här ska jag lägga fokus på ett av dessa, nämligen makroekonomi. Makroekonomen studerar och förklarar fenomen som konjunktursvängningar, tillväxt, arbetslöshet, ränta, växelkurser, löner och inflation. Makroteorin ligger till grund för förslag om hur samhällsekonomin kan styras genom stabiliseringspolitik. Denna består traditionellt av två grenar: finans

The Brazilian Cerrado is the major national epicenter for agricultural production and a main contributor to the Brazilian economy. Thus, the biome faces increasing pressure from agricultural expansion that alters local and regional hydrological processes (infiltration, runoff, evapotranspiration, soil loss). There is a lack of understanding how these processes will respond to climate change. Conse

The mediatization concept rests on the increasing centrality of media in everyday spheres. Within academia, mediatization is explored in various ways, such as through the use of social media, news media, and researchers' adoption of certain media logic(s). While many studies focus on media logic(s) as an explanatory device, it can also be seen as a contextual relationship between actors enacted fo

Interest in the ocean has increased over the past decades. This includes interest in the relationship between capitalism and the ocean. Philip Steinberg and others have argued that capitalism dematerializes the sea and produces it as empty space. Against this dematerialization many scholars have insisted on the materiality of the sea, and on how capitalism in practice makes use of and changes the

This doctoral thesis presents the work the practical verification of a cooling concept involving direct air cooling of hollow windings for electric machines. The focus is on rotor windings for electrically excited synchronous machines for traction of electric vehicles. The work describes the cooling concept and compares it with the most common cooling concepts used today. The design of a experimen

Automated sorption balances are widely used for characterizing the interaction of water vapor with hygroscopic materials. These instruments provide an efficient way to collect sorption isotherm data and kinetic data. A typical method for defining equilibrium after a step change in relative humidity (RH) is using a particular threshold value for the rate of change in mass with time. Recent studies

Datasets are growing in size and complexity, especially with respect to the number of features of the problems that we study, which now often number in the millions. This has lead to a surge in interest for sparse regression models, which help make sense of these datasets by modeling them efficiently whilst still retaining a notion of explainability. Because these datasets are so large, however, t

Background: Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of long-term metabolic disease in the offspring, potentially mediated by in utero epigenetic variation. Previously, we identified multiple differentially methylated single CpG sites in offspring of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but whether stretches of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) can also be identifi

The relationship of ozone (O3), particularly the long-term exposure, with impacting metabolic homeostasis in population was understudied and under-recognised. Here, we used data from ChinaHEART, a nationwide, population-based cohort study, combined with O3 and PM2.5 concentration data with high spatiotemporal resolution, to explore the independent association of exposure to O3 with the prevalence

ALG13-Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (CDG), is a rare X-linked CDG caused by pathogenic variants in ALG13 (OMIM 300776) that affects the N-linked glycosylation pathway. Affected individuals present with a predominantly neurological manifestation during infancy. Epileptic spasms are a common presenting symptom of ALG13-CDG. Other common phenotypes include developmental delay, seizures, intell

Oath-taking during Roman Antiquity constitutes a telling example of how words and matter interplay and relate to one another. Ancient Latin literature provides a myriad of representations of oaths sworn, both fictive and supposedly historical, where matter somehow figure in the procedure. In this study, a selection of personal oaths from Roman literature are explored in terms of materiality and ag

Adaptive radiation is a major source of biodiversity but the way in which known components of ecological opportunity, ecological differentiation, and reproductive isolation underpin such biodiversity patterns remains elusive. Much is known about the evolution of ecological differentiation and reproductive isolation during single speciation events, but exactly how those processes scale up to comple

This study aimed to map the existing initiatives regarding sustainable animal production in order to identify gaps that still need to be addressed to meet the needs of the future population.

This thesis delves into the multifaceted challenges of designing analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) tailored for high-speed and medium accuracy applications, particularly in deeply scaled-down CMOS technologies across five comprehensive chapters within its Introduction. Furthermore, it explores the evolution of mobile telephony from the first-generation (1G) to the last commercialized generation

Background and purpose: Tamoxifen remains an important adjuvant treatment in premenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Thus, determination of hormone receptors is important. Here, we compare cytosol-based methods, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and gene expression (GEX) analysis for determining hormone receptor status in premenopausal breast cancer patients from a randomise

Flowering time is an important phenological trait in plants and a critical determinant of the success of pollination and fruit or seed development, with immense significance for agriculture as it directly affects crop yield and overall food production. Shifts in the growth season, changes in the growth season duration and changes in the production rate are environmental processes (potentially link

This paper examines a programme initiated and managed by an entrepreneurial university in the United Kingdom (UK), aiming to foster the circular water economy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our focus is on transitioning from conventional models of the entrepreneurial university to innovative forms of knowledge exchange that prioritise social innovation and sustainable development, as per the “engaged univ

The development of high-brilliance X-ray sources, such as the fourth-generation diffraction-limited storage rings and X-ray free-electron lasers, have opened up new possibilities for X-ray imaging and pushed the temporal resolutions of imaging techniques to unprecedented levels. Capturing fast dynamics in two-dimensional (2D), three-dimensional (3D), and even four-dimensional (4D, 3D + time) beyon