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Background: Plasmodium falciparum EBA175 and PfRh2 belong to two main families involved in parasite invasion, and both are potential vaccine candidates. Current knowledge is limited regarding which target antigens and subclasses of antibodies are actually important for protection, and how naturally acquired immunity is achieved. Methods: Repeated blood samples were collected from individuals in Ni

The classical Kalman-Yakubovich-Popov lemma gives conditions for solvability of a certain inequality in terms of a symmetric matrix. The lemma has numerous applications in systems theory and control. Recently, it has been shown that for positive systems, important versions of the lemma can equivalently be stated in terms of a diagonal matrix rather than a general symmetric one. This paper generali

Popular Abstract in Swedish Hur kan svenska myndigheter förbereda sig för att hantera nästa kris när det gäller tillgängligheten av deras mest kritiska informationssystem? Det är den centrala frågan i denna avhandling. Svenska myndigheter och kommuner har en central roll i det svenska krishanteringssystemet. Givetvis är svenska kommunala och statliga verksamheter väldigt beroende av IT-system. SjAs our dependence on IT systems increases, evaluating the dependability of critical IT systems becomes more important. This is especially true for systems that are critical in a crisis situation and whose dependability is an important factor in an organisation's capability to resolve a crisis. Because crisis situations are typically rare events, both the dependability and the criticality of IT sys

Habitat area is an important predictor of spatial variation in animal densities. However, the area often correlates with the quantity of resources within habitats, complicating our understanding of the factors shaping animal distributions. We addressed this problem by investigating densities of insect herbivores in habitat patches with a constant area but varying numbers of plants. Using a mathema

In this study, we validated comfort and limit temperatures of four sleeping bags with different levels of insulation defined according to EN 13537. Six male subjects and four female subjects underwent totally 20 two-hour exposures in four sleeping bags at four intended testing temperatures: 11.2, 3.8, 2.1 and -9.0 degrees C. The subjective perceptions and physiological responses of these subjects

In the study reported here we examined the short-term effects (1-3 years) of slash retention (SR) and the long-term effects (13-15 years) of wood-ash application (A) on fine roots and mycorrhizae in a 40-year-old Norway spruce forest in southwest Sweden. Soil cores were used to obtain estimates of the biomass (g m(-2)) of roots in three diameter classes (< 0.5, 0.5-1 and 1-2 mm), root length densi

Removal of disease-driving inflammatory leucocytes is central to resolution of inflammation. The current pharmacological dogma teaches leucocyte elimination through apoptosis followed by phagocytosis. However, actual resolving roles of apoptotic-phagocytic processes have been difficult to demonstrate in the major diseases that are characterized by mucosal tissue inflammation. Many current in vivo

Two centrosymmetric dinuclear nickel(II) complexes, [Ni-2(dmpn)(2)(hap)(2)(mu(1,1)-N-3)(2)] and [Ni-2(dmpn)(2)(hap)(2)(mu(1,1)-N-3)(2)], (dmpn=N,N-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane and Hhap = 2-hydroxyacetophenone, Hhan = 1-hydroxy-2-acetonaphthone) have been synthesized and characterized. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses confirm the structures of one of the tridentate Schiff bases used and bot

In this paper, we describe the synthesis of water-compatible Molecularly Imprinted Polymer (MIP) microspheres by nanoparticle-stabilized emulsion (Pickering emulsion) polymerization. During the polymerization, the amount of the porogen used not only affected the stability of the Pickering emulsion but also the specific molecular recognition of the obtained MIP microspheres. Under optimized conditi

A novel algorithm for the detection of fixations and smooth pursuit movements in high-speed eye-tracking data is proposed, which uses a three-stage procedure to divide the intersaccadic intervals intoa sequence of fixation and smooth pursuit events. The first stage performs a preliminary segmentationwhile the latter two stages evaluate the characteristics of each such segment and reorganize the pr

This paper explores the role of gender equality over a long-run economic and demographic development path of industrialized countries. Our unified cliometric growth model of female empowerment suggests that changes in gender relations are a key ingredient of economic development. The economy evolves from a Malthusian regime–with slow technological progress, low income and low fertility–to a Modern

Pancreatic cancer is a challenging disease due to the low resection rate at the time of initial diagnosis. A relatively new classification of marginally resectable pancreatic cancer has emerged and there is some evidence that this subgroup of patients may benefit from neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy. The first major definition of marginally resectable pancreatic cancer was made at M. D. Anderson Can

Background To investigate potential cardiovascular and other effects of long-term pharmacological interleukin 1 (IL-1) inhibition, we studied genetic variants that produce inhibition of IL-1, a master regulator of inflammation. Methods We created a genetic score combining the effects of alleles of two common variants (rs6743376 and rs1542176) that are located upstream of IL1RN, the gene encoding t

Parents influence the development of their offspring in many ways beyond the transmission of DNA. This includes transfer of epigenetic states, nutrients, antibodies and hormones, and behavioural interactions after birth. While the evolutionary consequences of such non-genetic inheritance are increasingly well understood, less is known about how inheritance mechanisms evolve. Here, we present a sim