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Fuel properties have a strong impact on the efficiency of internal combustion engines. Contrary to other physical and thermochemical fuel properties, the molar expansion ratio is normally ignored. Molar expansion ratio is the ratio of number of moles of the products to the reactants. In this work, the impact of the fuel's molar expansion ratio on engine efficiency is investigated. Findings are bas
The northern land biosphere is believed to be the main global sink of CO2, but the contribution of Europe is uncertain. While bottom-up estimates and inverse atmospheric transport studies based on atmospheric CO2 observed in situ or from space by OCO-2 point to a moderate rate of uptake, some other inversions based on remotely sensed atmospheric CO2 from GOSAT/SCIAMACHY and biomass estimates from
Investigating the spatiotemporal distribution of climate data and their impact on the allocation of the regional aridity and meteorological drought, particularly in semi-arid and arid climate, it is critical to evaluate the climate variability effect and propose sufficient adaptation strategies. The coefficient of variation, precipitation concentration index and anomaly index were used to evaluate
The performance of the Advanced GAmma Tracking Array (AGATA) at GANIL is discussed, on the basis of the analysis of source and in-beam data taken with up to 30 segmented crystals. Data processing is described in detail. The performance of individual detectors are shown. The efficiency of the individual detectors as well as the efficiency after γ-ray tracking are discussed. Recent developments of γ
Background: Nucleic acid hybridization (NAH) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a practical and reliable tool for virus genotyping. Genotype assignment is an important factor in the prediction of treatment success in chronic hepatitis C patients. The aim of this study was to determine the genotype distribution among HCV clinical isolates in Jordan between 2007 and 2018. Methods: Electronic and paper-ba
The governance of prostitution in Italy's modern history and present times has seen the institution of two prostitution policy regimes. The first was introduced in 1860, with the implementation of a system of regulated prostitution. In Italy, most of the estimated data on outdoor and indoor prostitution are produced by NGOs and institutions operating in harm reduction and antitrafficking projects.
Differential migration by sex, where one sex migrates further than the other, occurs in many bird species. How this pattern evolves is however little understood. The first aim of this study was to investigate the extent of differential migration in the common ringed plover Charadrius hiaticula, breeding in southeast Sweden, and test three main hypotheses (the social dominance, body size and arriva
Initial second language acquisition proceeds surprisingly quickly. Foreign words can sometimes be used within minutes after the first exposure. Yet, it is unclear whether such rapid learning also takes place for more complex, multi-layered properties like words with complex morphosyntax and/or tonal features, and whether it is influenced by transfer from the learners’ native language. To address t
A method to decompose a motion-planning problem into several segments is presented. It is based on a modification of the original problem, such that certain variables at the splitting points are considered to be precomputed and thus fixed and the remaining variables are obtained by performing Lagrange relaxation. The resulting dual problem is split into several subproblems, allowing parallel compu
Herein, we describe the synthesis and X-ray structure of a new heteropentanuclear complex (2) containing a [Fe2 IIIZn3 II(μ-OH)3] structural unit and the unsymmetrical ligand H2L2-et. The molecular structure of (2) shows that it is formed by a basic dinuclear [FeIII(μ-OH)ZnII(L2-et)] unit that is connected to a second dinuclear [FeIII(μ-OH)ZnII(L2-et)] unit through a hydroxo bridge while a third Z
A search for long-lived particles decaying into an oppositely charged lepton pair, μμ, ee, or eμ, is presented using 32.8fb−1 of pp collision data collected at s=13 TeV by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Candidate leptons are required to form a vertex, within the inner tracking volume of ATLAS, displaced from the primary pp interaction region. No lepton pairs with an invariant mass greater than 12
Introduction: The composite nature of bone as a material governs its structure and mechanical behavior. How the collagenous matrix mineralizes, in terms of both mineral deposition and structure of the mineral crystals, is highly interesting when trying to elucidate the complex structural changes that occur during bone growth and maturation. We have previously looked at mineral deposition and struc
Objective: To investigate whether combining two independent tracers increases the SLN-detection rate in cervical cancer. Methods: Consecutive women with early stage cervical cancer planned for a robotic radical hysterectomy or a robotic radical trachelectomy with sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection were included. After cervical injections of Indocyanine green (ICG) and Tc99-nanocolloid (Tc99), nea
Proteomics can be defined as the studies of protein properties on a large scale to obtain a global view of biological processes at the protein level. Essentially, proteomics requires protein separation and identification, and in many cases quantification. The cornerstones in proteomics are protein/peptide separation by gel electrophoresis and/or different chromatographic techniques, and identifica
A simplified combined-slip model that only considers the extreme case at the friction limit is suggested and used in a closed-loop controller for autonomous vehicle handling in at-the-limit maneuvers. In the development of the controller it is assumed that the front wheels are individually steered, but it is demonstrated in a left-hand turn scenario that with a simple adaptation, the method is sti
Purpose: To investigate the change in proportion of high-volume cataract surgeons during the period 2007 to 2016 and determine the impact of operation volume per surgeon and clinical unit on the rate of capsule complications. Design: Retrospective, register-based study. Participants: Patients undergoing and surgeons performing cataract surgery at Swedish ophthalmologic departments 2007–2016. Metho
This paper analyses the effect of family size on children’s educational attainment using a new research design that combines fixed effects and instrumental variable (IV) approaches. We use (a) data on first cousins who belong to the same extended family but to different nuclear families to control for extended family fixed effects and (b) variation in in-married spouses’ number of siblings (a prox
Using a micro-focused high-energy X-ray beam, we have performed in situ time-resolved depth profiling during the electrochemical deposition of Sn into an ordered porous anodic alumina template. Combined with micro-diffraction we are able to follow the variation of the structure at the atomic scale as a function of depth and time. We show that Sn initially deposits at the bottom of the pores, and f
