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Objective: To examine whether trends in smoking behaviour in Western Europe between 1985 and 2000 differed by education group. Design: Data of smoking behaviour and education level were obtained from national cross sectional surveys conducted between 1985 and 2000 (a period characterised by intense tobacco control policies) and analysed for countries combined and each country separately. Annual tr
Differential cross sections for Compton scattering from the deuteron were measured at MAX-Lab for incident photon energies of 55 and 66 MeV at nominal laboratory angles of 45degrees, 125degrees, and 135degrees. Tagged photons were scattered from liquid deuterium and detected in three NaI spectrometers. By comparing the data with theoretical calculations in the framework of a one-boson-exchange pot
The microarray technique requires the organization and analysis of vast amounts of data. These data include information about the samples hybridized, the hybridization images and their extracted data matrices, and information about the physical array, the features and reporter molecules. We present a web-based customizable bioinformatics solution called BioArray Software Environment (BASE) for the
The memory T-cell population is a heterogeneous population, including both effector cells, which exert a direct secondary immune response, and resting or intermediate cells, which serve as a reservoir and exert a possible regulatory role. To further dissect the T-cell memory population residing in the CD4(+) CD45RO(+) T-cell pool, we studied the functional properties of memory populations identifi
Objectives: Osteoporosis is a known complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This prospective study aimed to evaluate whether disease activity, disability, and glucocorticoid (GC) treatment in early RA were risk factors for loss of bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: We followed 97 women (mean age 58 years), for 24 months, with a history of RA of less than 12 months. At baseline, 77 women were
Abstract not available. Errata to article Spedding GR, Hedenström A, Rosén M (2003) Quantitative studies of the wakes of freely flying birds in a low-turbulence wind tunnel. Exp Fluids 34:291–303
The decolorization of two different textile dyes, Reactive Red 2 and Reactive Blue 4, was studied in batch as well as continuous experiments using Bjerkandera sp. Strain BOL 13. The batch experiments were performed to study the decolorization of the dyes separately as well as in a mixture. The results from the experiments showed that the fungus decolorized both dyes. The absorbance was measured at
Background and purpose In unstable distal radial fractures that are impossible to reduce or to maintain in reduced position, the treatment of choice is operation. The type of operation and the choice of implant, however, is a matter of discussion. Our aim was to investigate whether open reduction and internal fixation would produce a better result than traditional external fixation. Methods 50 pat
The four-electron reduction of dioxygen to water in multicopper oxidases takes place in a trinuclear copper cluster, which is linked to a mononuclear blue copper site, where the substrates are oxidized. Recently, several intermediates in the catalytic cycle have been spectroscopically characterized, and two possible structural models have been suggested for both the peroxy and native intermediates
The selection of unbiased representatives from a large database is complicated by the requirement for the chosen entries to be not only genuinely different from each other but also typical for the family of related entries. A method satisfying this 2-fold objective was developed by equipping complete linkage clustering with a novel noise elimination procedure to deal with overlapping cluster struc
Hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy is a dominantly inherited disorder, characterized by dementia, paralysis, and death from cerebral hemorrhage in early adult life. A variant of the cysteine proteinase inhibitor, cystatin C, is deposited as amyloid in the tissues of the patients and their spinal-fluid level of cystatin C is abnormally low. The disease-associated Leu-68-->Gln mutant (L68Q) cy
Objective: To validate in a prospective study the surveillance algorithm WINROP for detecting infants at risk for proliferative retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: Fifty preterm infants with a mean gestational age of 26 weeks were included. In the first step of WINROP, weekly measures of body weight and serum insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I) level from birth until postmenstrual age 36 we
Objective. To investigate the contrasting roles of plasminogen deficiency between models of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). Methods. We developed a new animal model of arthritis, which we have called local injection-induced arthritis (LIA). In this model, we replaced methylated bovine serum albumin, which is normally used as an immunogen and is injected intraa
Far infrared spectra of seven different isotopologs of the water dimer have been measured in neon matrices at 2.8 K. The experiments are interpreted with the aid of density functional theory calculations, in particular the calculated harmonic isotopic shifts were utilized. All six intermolecular vibrational modes of the water dimer and the fully deuterated water dimer are assigned based the isotop
To process a stimulus as a holistic entity, the human brain must be able to conjoin its different features. Previous evidence suggests that this ability emerges during the first months of life, implying its considerable dependence on postnatal development. We recorded human newborn (1-3 days of age) electrical brain responses to frequently occurring (standard) sounds and to rarely occurring (devia
We consider an iterated function system (with probabilities) of isometrics on an unbounded metric space (X, d). Under suitable conditions it is proved that the random orbit {Z(n)}(ngreater than or equal to0) of the iterations corresponding to an initial point Z(0) is an element of X 'escapes to infinity' in the sense that P(Z(n) is an element of K) --> 0, as n --> infinity for every bounded set K
