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The financial position of the medical insurance system of Japanese government has been worsened recently, and thus the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare has prompted the medical reforms to reconstruct the financial balance of the medical insurance system. As one of these efforts, a fixed payment system for medical services based on “DPC” (Diagnosis Procedure Combination) was introduced to a nu
Background: Increased prevalence of depression is found in both type 2 diabetes (T2D) and type 1 diabetes (T1D). Melancholia and atypical depression differ by cortisol secretion and clinical features. The aim was to compare the clinical presentation of T1D and T2D patients in relation to self-reported depression, self-reported anxiety, alexithymia, obesity, and midnight salivary cortisol (MSC). Me
The Just-in-Time production system, or lean production system, tries to achieve a continuous flow of production, thereby reducing the inventories of materials, works-in- process and finished products. As a result only minimum levels of inventories exist in the various layers of the supply chain. Under this situation, the major earthquake followed by the tsunami on March 11, 2011 in Eastern Japan,
Lärande och utveckling är avgörande för företags långsiktiga konkurrenskraft. Det är således ingen slump att detta är tidlösa frågeställningar för såväl företagare som forskare. Den av EU definierade regionen Småland och öarna verkar dock vara på efterkälken i lärande och utveckling i en nationell och internationell jämförelse. När det gäller FoU satsningar ligger regionen på endast 42% av riksgen
Begreppet ekonomisystem har en sedan länge gällande och väl etablerad definition innehållande delarna: redovisning, budgetering, kalkylering samt icke-finansiella nyckeltal. Trots detta har praxis för ekonomisystem inom både företag och förvaltning stora svårigheter att leva upp till definitionens krav på samordning av de fyra delarna
The study is based on the three central concepts of strategic management accounting, SMA, interorganisational manage¬ment accounting, IOMA, and configuration. There are no generally accepted definitions of these concepts and the theoretical as well as the empirical analyses made have been insufficient. Consequently, a total survey of the theoretical concepts is required, as well as a study of the
Western firms locating in China face a business environment that differs from their home country environment. The differences increase uncertainties and are negative for economic performance. However, firms may differ in their ability to overcome the difficulties, depending on their previous experience. In particular, firms with experience from regions similar to China might exhibit relatively bet
The effect of the liberalization of trade on the spatial concentration of economic activities is not straightforward. It has been widely argued that protectionism increases spatial concentration as firms locate close to the main domestic markets. However, it has also been argued that an expansion of international trade primarily favors existing industrial centers and therefore leads to increased r
This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment in Indonesian manufacturing on wages in locally owned Indonesian manufacturing plants. The issue is examined in a cross section of Indonesian manufacturing industries and provinces in one of the few years for which data on worker characteristics were available. Wages in locally owned plants were high in industries and industries within pr
This paper examines whether the higher wages paid by foreign-owned manufacturing plants than by domestically owned plants, typical of most countries, represents a higher price for labor. That is, does it reflect a higher price for workers of a given quality, as represented by the level of education? We then ask whether foreign-owned plants pay a higher price for labor given the characteristics of
This article examines export propensities among Indonesian manufacturers. The pattern of trade between nations is well understood, but much less is known about firm level determinants to export: why do some Indonesian firms start to export while others continue to produce for the domestic market? One reason for different export propensities could be that the sunk costs for exports differ between f
The severe and unanticipated economic downturn in Indonesia mirrored the regional economic fallout following the 1997 financial crisis. Although it is likely that the crisis in neighboring countries had an adverse impact on Indonesia, the issue has so far received little attention. This paper examines whether contagion from the economic crisis in Thailand triggered the crisis in Indonesia. Evidenc
Indonesia has been severely hurt by the recent economic crisis, which has been accompanied by social tensions. For a sustainable long-term recovery, it is essential that Indonesia attracts FDI inflows, and manages to achieve a reasonably equal spatial development. FDI is important since other capital funds are scarce and an equal spatial development is important to avoid social tensions. However,
Hailed by economists as an idea whose time has come, the `new economic geography' has not been quite as favourably received by geographers. Frequently seen as a prime case of academic imperialism, few appear willing to concede that economists may have something to contribute to economic geography. Conversely, beyond the token reference to vintage publications, economistsoften dismiss geographers'
Using references in Swedish patent data, we examine technology sourcing in Swedish multi-national enterprises (MNEs) and non-multinational small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The results show that both types of firms are more likely to make references to countries with large patent stocks and to countries that are located close to Sweden. Trade and FDI also seem to facilitate the transfer o
The Vietnamese economy has by most standards performed very well over the last decade. For instance, economic growth has averaged around 8 per cent per year during the 1990s. The high growth rate has mainly been achieved through large increases in investment, and a large share of the investment has come from foreign sources. However, it is likely that the Asian crisis will lead to a significant re
Objective: To propose draft classification criteria for early stage osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee for use in a primary care setting. Methods: A group of basic scientists, physician-scientists, rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons, and physiotherapists in a workshop setting discussed potential classification criteria for early osteoarthritis of the knee. The workshop was divided into sessions aro
Since 1968, Indonesia has been among the few developing countries able to sustain per capita income growth over 5%. However, poverty and surplus labor are still main features of the economy. We ask to what extent the dual nature of growth has stimulated structural change, or just rewarded a particular sector or region. We find that the emblematic State support to agriculture has not untapped the p
