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The application of treated sewage sludge on farmland is a suggested method for recycling nutrients and reducing demand for commercial fertilizer. However sludge needs to be safe from possible contaminants which can cause acute and long-term health and environmental problems. Residual pharmaceuticals and organic contaminants are mentioned as emerging threats since wastewater treatment plants are no
Popular Abstract in Swedish Avhandlingen studerar flera olika algoritmiska problem inom grafteori och geometri, applikationerna sträcker sig från kretskortsdesign till matrismultiplikation. Vi börjar med att studera en grafteoretisk modell för det så kallade "firefigher problem". Målet med detta problemet är att rädda så mycket som möjligt av en given area genom att placera ut brandmän på relevaThis thesis studies several different algorithmic problems in graph theory and in geometry. The applications of the problems studied range from circuit design optimization to fast matrix multiplication. First, we study a graph-theoretical model of the so called ''firefighter problem''. The objective is to save as much as possible of an area by appropriately placing firefighters. We provide both n
Opioids modulate the perception of breathlessness with a considerable variation in response, with poor correlation between the required opioid dose and symptom severity. The objective of this hypothesis-generating, secondary analysis was to identify candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from those associated with opioid receptors, signalling or pain modulation to identify any related to
Carotenoids are known for their antioxidant activity and health promoting effects. One of the richest sources of carotenoids are carrots. However, about 25% of the annual production is regarded as by-products due to strict market policies. The aim of this study was to extract carotenoids from those by-products. Conventional carotenoid extraction methods require the use of organic solvents, which a
Popular Abstract in Swedish Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning på svenska Ben är ett levande material som ständigt omsätts och förnyas. Benvävnaden känner av den omgivande miljön och kan anpassa sig till förändringar i det dagliga livet och vid enskild punktbelastning. Precis som andra organ i kroppen kan benet drabbas av skador och sjukdomar men har en unik förmåga att läka helt utan ärrbildningAbstract Background Osteonecrosis (ON) is defined by the in situ death of bone cells, osteocytes, hematopoietic and fatty marrow precursor cells. Events and risk factors known to be associated with ON are femoral neck fracture, hip dislocation, slipped capital femoral epiphysis in children, humeral head fracture and insufficiency fractures in load-bearing joints. The etiology of non-traumatic ON
A fundamental part of many computer algorithms involves traversing a binary tree. One notable example is traversing a space-partitioning acceleration structure when computing ray-traced images. Traditionally, the traversal requires a stack to be temporarily stored for each ray, which results in both additional storage and memory-bandwidth usage. We present a novel algorithm for traversing a binary
To investigate the feasibility of multiecho balanced steady-state free precession (bSSFP)-based fast chemical shift mapping hyperpolarized C-13 metabolites. The overall goal was to reduce total imaging time and to increase spatial resolution compared to common chemical shift imaging (CSI). A multiecho bSSFP sequence in combination with an iterative reconstruction algorithm was implemented. H-1 exp
The luminosity calibration for the ATLAS detector at the LHC during pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV in 2010 and 2011 is presented. Evaluation of the luminosity scale is performed using several luminosity-sensitive detectors, and comparisons are made of the long-term stability and accuracy of this calibration applied to the pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV. A luminosity uncertainty of delta L/L = +/
The aim of this thesis was to explore and gain deeper insight into and understanding of mobility in public environments for people with acquired cognitive functional limitations (target group of this thesis) and of reasons why some of them do not use public transport. Using an explorative approach, the target group’s mobility was firstly discussed by experts in focus group interviews. Secondly the
The aim of this thesis is to solve an inverse source problem. The approach is based on an integral representation together with the extinction theorem. Both a scalar and a full-wave integral representation are implemented and solved by a Method of Moment procedure. The body of revolution enables usage of a Fourier transform to reduce the dimensions of the problem. A singular value decomposition is
Germline BRCA1 mutations predispose to breast cancer. To identify genetic modifiers of this risk, we performed a genome-wide association study in 1,193 individuals with BRCA1 mutations who were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer under age 40 and 1,190 BRCA1 carriers without breast cancer diagnosis over age 35. We took forward 96 SNPs for replication in another 5,986 BRCA1 carriers (2,974 indivi
Genetic alterations underlying the development of the cancer of the nose and paranasal sinuses (sinonasal cancer, SNC), a rare cancer that can be included in the group of head and neck cancers, are still largely unknown. We recently reported that TP53 mutations are a common feature of SNC, with an overall frequency of 77%, and they show association to adenocarcinoma and wood-dust exposure [15]. In
Background: Integration of second-generation (2G) bioethanol production with existing first-generation (1G) production may facilitate commercial production of ethanol from cellulosic material. Since 2G hydrolysates have a low sugar concentration and 1G streams often have to be diluted prior to fermentation, mixing of streams is beneficial. Improved ethanol concentrations in the 2G production proce
Understanding cellulose-water interactions is important for advancing current technology, not the least in developing effective dissolution methods for wooden fibers. Here we study the effect of electronic polarization on cellulose-water interactions by all-atom computer simulations. We show that induced dipoles on both interfacial water and cellulose hydroxyl groups are significant and may influe
Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) are discrete parts of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes that bind specific types of carbohydrates. Ultra high-resolution X-ray crystallographic studies of CBMs have helped to decipher the basis for specificity in carbohydrate-protein interactions. However, additional studies are needed to better understand which structural determinants confer which carbohydrate-b
This review has examined research in mobile computing from a developer's perspective. The review was underpinned by the assumption that mobile computing has accentuated factors compared to stationary computing that ought to be managed to harness the possibilities of mobile computing. Applying a developer's perspective rendered a certain interest in design-oriented research, i.e. prescriptive resea
Stoichiometric and very rich flames of methane have been investigated using nonintrusive laser diagnostics. Absolute concentration profiles of HCO were measured by intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy, and temperature profiles were obtained with laser-induced fluorescence of OH. Premixed CH4 + O-2 + N-2 flames were stabilized at a pressure of 30 +/- 0.3 Torr. These new experimental data were
