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BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Proper patient selection is of outmost importance in surgical treatment of degenerative disc disease (DDD) with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Among other factors gender was previously found to influence lumbar fusion surgery outcome.PURPOSE: This study investigates whether gender affects clinical outcome after lumbar fusion.STUDY DESIGN: National registry cohort study PATIENT S

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and degenerative neurological disease characterized by loss of myelin sheath of some neurons in brain and spinal cord. It is associated with high economic burden due to premature deaths and high occurrence of disabilities. The aim of the current study was to determine cost effectiveness of two major products of interferon 1a in patients with relapsing-

AIM: The aim of this retrospective nationwide study was to investigate indications and surgical outcome after pulmonary metastasectomy (PM) in a well-defined cohort of patients and to calculate the proportion of cancer patients who were operated on.METHODS: Between 1984 and 2008, 81 patients (age 54.8 years, 50.6% men) underwent 100 PMs with curative intent in Iceland. For all patients, informatio

BACKGROUND: Oesophageal perforation is a rare but life-threatening condition with a significant morbidity and mortality. In this retrospective, nationwide study, the results of oesophageal perforation are reported for a well defined cohort, with special emphasis on the incidence, aetiology and results of surgical treatment.MATERIAL AND METHODS: 29 consecutive patients (16 males) were diagnosed wit

Acute pancreatitis is a common disease leading to hospitalizations, most often caused by gallstones or alcohol. We present a case of a patient diagnosed with acute pancreatitis considered to be due to loperamide treatment for diarrhea.

Esophageal perforation is associated with significant mortality, and this may markedly increase with advanced age. This multicenter study investigates this issue in patients older than 80 years. Data on 33 patients >80 years old who underwent conservative (10 patients), endoclip (one patient), stent grafting (11 patients), or surgical treatment (11 patients) for esophageal perforation were collect

In Iceland every third individual is diagnosed with malignant disease; cancer being the cause of death in one out of four individuals with only cardiovascular diseases being more common cause of death. Approximately one third of cancer patients are diagnosed with lung metastases making the lungs one of the most common metastatic site. In some of these patients a metastasectomy is a treatment optio

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Prospective and population-based studies on the incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) are lacking. Alcohol consumption has increased considerably in Iceland during the last decade. We aimed to determine the incidence, etiology, severity, and complications of AP and compare the results with a previous study on AP in Iceland.METHODS: A prospective population-based study of patien

INTRODUCTION: Information about the education, training and future employment prospects of Icelandic surgeons has not been available.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included all Icelandic surgeons, in all subspecialties, educated at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Iceland. Information on specialty training, higher academic degrees and in which country these were obtained was collecte

Purpose of review Although novel targeted therapies for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are emerging, metastasectomy still remains the only potentially curable intervention and plays an important role both in disease control, cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). A systematic review was conducted in 2014 by the European Association of Urology RCC guidelines panel to summa

Adenocarcinoma of the vermiform appendix is a rare disease that constitutes less than 0.5% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. A patient was admitted with abdominal discomfort and urinary frequency but no symptoms suggestive of enterovesical fistula, e.g. pneumaturia or urinary tract infection. She was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the appendix with a fistula to the urinary bladder.

OBJECTIVE: Adenocarcinoma of the appendix is less than 0.5% of all gastrointestinal cancers. The aim of this study was to analyse the incidence, symptoms, pathology and treatment of appendiceal adenocarcinoma in a well defined cohort as well as the prognosis of the patients.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study on all patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the appendix in Iceland

Atrial septal defect (ASD) is the most common congenital cardiac lesion accounting for 10-15% of all cardiac malformations. In the majority of cases, the secundum type of the ASD is closed percutaneously in the catheterization laboratory. Although transcatheter closure of ASD is considered safe and effective in pediatric patients, there are limited data regarding the efficacy and safety of device

The regulations on the emissions from combustion devices are getting more and more strict for environmental and human health reasons. Modern combustion research faces two major challenges; reduction of the pollutants, such as CO, NOx and unburnt hydro- carbons and increase of the combustion efficiency. Current trend for stationary power generation is to use lean premixed and/or pre-vaporized combu

The advanced democracies of Europe, North America, and Australasia have gotten tough on unemployment. Since the mid- to late-1970s, they started to put greater pressure on the unemployed by reducing the time for which unemployment benefits were paid, by imposing stricter job-search requirements, by extending the range of jobs considered suitable for claimants, and by tightening the penalties for n

We derive frequency-domain criteria for the convergence of linear iterative learning control (ILC) on finite-time intervals that are less restrictive than existing ones in the literature. In particular, the former can be used to establish the convergence of ILC in certain cases where the latter are violated. The results cover ILC with non-causal filters and provide insights into the transient beha