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Finding a suitable way to represent information in a dataset is one of the fundamental problems in Artificial Inelegance. With limited labeled information, unsupervised learning algorithms help to discover useful representations. One of the applications of such models is imputation, where missing values are estimated by learning the underlying correlations in a dataset. This thesis explores two ofFinding a suitable way to represent information in a dataset is one of the fundamental problems in Artificial Intelligence. With limited labeled information, unsupervised learning algorithms help to discover useful representations. One of the applications of such models is imputation, where missing values are estimated by learning the underlying correlations in a dataset. This thesis explores two

The COVID-19 pandemic and the policies introduced to curb its spread exacerbated the vulnerabilities experienced by people with disabilities. Facing laws limiting gatherings and policies closing down services and banning visitors from care and service homes, care providers found themselves needing to find new and alternative ways to engage with and support care users. Seeking to provide adequate cThe COVID-19 pandemic and the policies introduced to curb its spread exacerbated the vulnerabilities experienced by people with disabilities. Facing laws limiting gatherings and policies closing down services and banning visitors from care and service homes, care providers found themselves needing to find new and alternative ways to engage with and support care users. Seeking to provide adequate c

Bakgrund: Den kurativa behandlingen för resektabla lokalt avancerade stadier av cancer i munhålan innefattar i regel en kombination av kirurgi och radioterapi (RT). Huruvida RT bör ges först och därefter följas av kirurgi, eller om tumören bör opereras bort först, följt av RT postoperativt, har dock inte studerats i någon större omfattning.Syfte: Denna avhandling undersöker olika aspekter av pre- Background: The curatively intended treatment for resectable locally advanced stages of oral cavity cancer (OCC) generally involves a combination of surgery and radiotherapy (RT). However, whether to apply RT first and then proceed with surgery, or to resect the cancer and subsequently administer RT, has not been extensively studied. Aims: This thesis examines various aspects of pre- versus postop

The historical turn in human rights studies is characterized by a deep cleavage between scholars who locate the origins of human rights in the Atlantic Revolutions of the late 18th century, and scholars who instead focus on the post-WWII period in general, and on the 1970s in particular as a breakthrough decade for international human rights. Against the background of what has been described as th

Arbetslivets utformning är avgörande för samhällets utveckling och det är viktigt att ta till varakunskap från den pågående pandemin och dess effekter på arbetslivet, organisationer och medarbetareför att kunna nyttja detta vid organisationsförändringar och framtida scenarier. Hälso- och sjukvårdenhar brist på anställda och på utbildad personal, och personalen står också för en stor del av antalet

Förekomst av farliga ämnen i byggnader medför betydande osäkerheter i projektplanering och budgetuppskattning och innebär hälso och säkerhetsrisk för de boende och för arbetstagare som är involverade i renoverings- och rivningsaktiviteter. Det är praxis inom svenska byggprojekt att avsätta ungefär 15% av budgeten för att hantera oväntade risker av farliga ämnen och oförutsedda händelser. De faktis

Background: Escherichia coli, the most common bacterium causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), is increasinglyreported as resistant to multiple antibiotics. Swedish surveillance data from hospital and primary health care(PHC) report a 17%–19% prevalence of resistance to ciprofloxacin in E. coli from urine cultures in men over20 years of age. Surveillance data may include nosocomial infections. HBackground: Escherichia coli, the most common bacterium causing urinary tract infections (UTIs), is increasingly reported as resistant to multiple antibiotics. Swedish surveillance data from hospital and primary health care (PHC) report a 17%-19% prevalence of resistance to ciprofloxacin in E. coli from urine cultures in men over 20 years of age. Surveillance data may include nosocomial infections

With the aim to bridge the pressure gap between traditional surface science and industrial applications, heterogeneous catalytic reactions on model catalysts are increasingly studied at near-ambient pressures. Under those conditions, the gas phase has been shown to play an important role during the interaction at the gas-surface interface making it complex to study. This complexity can be capturedWith the aim to bridge the pressure gap between traditional surface science and industrial applications, heterogeneous catalytic reactions on model catalysts are increasingly studied at near-ambient pressures. Under those conditions, the gas phase has been shown to play an important role during the interaction at the gas-surface interface making it complex to study. This complexity can be captured

The extent of vegetation openness in past European landscapes is widely debated. In particular, the temperate forest biome has traditionally been defined as dense, closed-canopy forest; however, some argue that large herbivores maintained greater openness or even wood-pasture conditions. Here, we address this question for the Last Interglacial period (129,000–116,000 years ago), before Homo sapien

This chapter examines the legal regulation regarding administrative silence in Swedish administrative law. The main aim is to give an overview of the legal instruments to prevent and challenge administrative silence in Swedish administrative law and to identify any possible gaps or weaknesses in the system. Traditionally, the term ‘administrative silence’ is not used in Swedish administrative law;This chapter examines the legal regulation regarding administrative silence in Swedish administrative law. The main aim is to give an overview of the legal instruments to prevent and challenge administrative silence in Swedish administrative law and to identify any possible gaps or weaknesses in the system. Traditionally, the term ‘administrative silence’ is not used in Swedish administrative law;

A high-pressure tank rupture is a challenging scenario requiring attention in most hydrogen applications. A common cause of rupture is an external fire heating the tank, causing increased internal pressure and/or reduction in the tensile strength of the tank material (with the relevance of each depending on tank material).Most of the available methods for prevention of such ruptures have been deve

The medically important drug target galectin-3 binds galactose-containing moieties on glycoproteins through an intricate pattern of hydrogen bonds to a largely polar surface-exposed binding site. All successful inhibitors of galectin-3 to date have been based on mono- or disaccharide cores closely resembling natural ligands. A detailed understanding of the H-bonding networks in these natural liganThe medically important drug target galectin-3 binds galactose-containing moieties on glycoproteins through an intricate pattern of hydrogen bonds to a largely polar surface-exposed binding site. All successful inhibitors of galectin-3 to date have been based on mono- or disaccharide cores closely resembling natural ligands. A detailed understanding of the H-bonding networks in these natural ligan

Regulation of development and entry into sporulation is critical for fungi to ensure survival of unfavorable environmental conditions. Here we present an analysis of gene sets regulating sporulation in the homothallic ascomycete Ashbya gossypii. Deletion of components of the conserved pheromone/starvation MAP kinase cascades, e.g., STE11 and STE7, results in increased sporulation. In kar3 mutants

A key question for evidence-based medicine (EBM) is how best to model the way in which EBM should “[integrate] individual clinical expertise and the best external evidence” (Sackett et al. 1996). We argue that the formulations and models available in the literature today are modest variations on a common theme and face very similar problems. For example, both the early and updated models of eviden

Interdisciplinary research within the field of sustainability studies often faces incompatible ontological assumptions deriving from natural and social sciences. The importance of this fact is often underrated and sometimes leads to the wrong strategies. We distinguish between two broad approaches in interdisciplinarity: unificationism and pluralism. Unificationism seeks unification and perceives Interdisciplinary research within the field of sustainability studies often faces incompatible ontological assumptions deriving from natural and social sciences. The importance of this fact is often underrated and sometimes leads to the wrong strategies. We distinguish between two broad approaches in interdisciplinarity: unificationism and pluralism. Unificationism seeks unification and perceives

Our presentation builds on a research project on the emergence of medical genetics and genetic counselling in Sweden 1940-1980. During our study, we have been able to track some aspects of biological, or eugenic, citizenship throughout this period.In Sweden, a rudimentary form of genetic counselling can be tracked within the context of state-controlled eugenics, namely in some applications of the Our presentation builds on a research project on the emergence of medical genetics and genetic counselling in Sweden 1940-1980. During our study, we have been able to track some aspects of biological, or eugenic, citizenship throughout this period.In Sweden, a rudimentary form of genetic counselling can be tracked within the context of state-controlled eugenics, namely in some applications of the

Punctuality is regarded as an important measure of the performance of a railway system, and is the one most commonly used and discussed measureboth in the industry and among travelers. In many countries,the punctuality of trains, and thus the performance of the railway system, is deemed as lacking. The aim of this article is to study and quantify how severalweather-,timetable, operational and infrPunctuality is regarded as an important measure of the performance of a railway system, and is the one most commonly used and discussed measure both in the industry and among travelers. In many countries, the punctuality of trains, and thus the performance of the railway system, is deemed as lacking. The aim of this article is to study and quantify how several weather-, timetable, operational and

Agricultural intensification and the subsequent fragmentation of semi-natural habitats severely restrict pollinator and pollen movement threatening both pollinator and plant species. Linear landscape elements such as hedgerows are planted for agricultural and conservation purposes to increase the resource availability and habitat connectivity supporting populations of beneficial organisms such as

There is a lack of objective evaluative standards for academic work. While this has been recognized in studies of how gatekeepers pass judgment on the works of others, little is known about how scholars deal with the uncertainty about how their work will be evaluated by gatekeepers. Building upon 35 interviews with early career academics in political science and history, this paper explores how ju