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The Bcl-2 family of proteins governs mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM) permeabilization, a critical step in apoptosis that is dysfunctional in many cancers. Although cellular studies have long implicated direct interactions between the pore-forming apoptotic Bax protein and its opponent, the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein in apoptosis regulation, the underlying basic principles behind this control r
First sphere engineering has enabled potent artificial phosphatases, but strategies that generate enzyme-like second-sphere effects with simple disordered materials remain limited. Here we demonstrate that partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA80, 80% hydrolyzed) acts as a minimalist soft matter scaffold that amplifies the hydrolytic activity of hydrated Zn(II). Rather than functioning as
BACKGROUND: Familial aggregation of stroke is well-documented, yet few studies have examined associations between stroke subtypes-particularly early-onset cryptogenic ischaemic stroke (eCIS)-and broader family history (FH) of cardiovascular disease. Such associations may provide insights into underlying etiologic mechanisms. METHODS: In this multicentre case-control study, we included eCIS patient
Our aim was to establish an effective method for protein extraction from freshly frozen human peripheral nerves, determine the minimum amount required for consistent protein extraction outcomes, and assess which method produced the highest number of protein identities. Five extraction methods were compared using 8 M urea and Ripa buffer using either the Bullet Blender or Bioruptor. Out of the tota
BackgroundAirway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), a key feature of asthma, leads to airway narrowing in response to bronchoconstrictor stimuli. Notably, AHR is also observed in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The Mannitol challenge test is an indirect method to assess airway hyperresponsiveness.ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to explore airway hyperresponsivenes
IMPORTANCE: Repeating a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test after an elevated measurement is a guideline-recommended component of the prebiopsy workup. However, it is unclear whether certain patients can be exempted from repeat PSA testing and proceed directly to further workup.OBJECTIVE: To determine yearly PSA variability and implications of repeating an elevated PSA in the Prostate, Lung, Colo
Waste-to-energy fly ash can be repurposed if treated to limit the leaching of potentially toxic elements such as Zn. Ashes with lime additives can be stabilised via gypsum formation, while those without additives are better suited for acid-leaching treatment (and material recovery). In this study, ashes from grate-fired boilers – three without lime addition and one ash with lime addition – were tr
Atmospheric aerosol samples from a boreal forest (Hyytiala, April 2007), a rural site in Hungary (K-puszta, summer 2008), a polluted rural area in Italy (San Pietro Capofiume, Po Valley, April 2008), a moderately polluted rural site in Germany located on a meadow (Melpitz, May 2008), a natural park in Spain (Montseny, March 2009) and two urban background locations (Zurich, December 2008, and Barce
Introduction: A new grading of exercise capacity during bicycle stress testing has been proposed in Sweden based on the new reference material (‘the Kalmar material’), which has not been validated. We aimed to examine the prognostic information of the new grading of exercise capacity during exercise stress testing. Methods: Data on all bicycle exercise tests performed at the Department of Clinical
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is more frequent among individuals with dysglycemia. Preventive interventions for diabetes can improve cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs), but it is unclear whether the benefits on CRFs are similar for individuals at different genetic risk for CAD. We built a 201-variant polygenic risk score (PRS) for CAD and tested for interaction with diabetes prevention strategies
This article explores the lived experience of informal caregivers in cancer care, focusing on the perceived burden and needs of individuals seeking support from an informal group for next of kin. A total of 28 individuals who were closely related to a patient with cancer participated in focus group interviews. Three themes were identified: setting aside one’s own needs, assuming the role of projec
OBJECTIVE Gastrointestinal adverse effects occur in 20–30% of patients with metformin-treated type 2 diabetes, leading to premature discontinuation in 5–10% of the cases. Gastrointestinal intolerance may reflect localized high concentrations of metformin in the gut. We hypothesized that reduced transport of metformin via the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT) and organic cation transport
BACKGROUND: Renal dysfunction is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but early disease states in both organs are poorly studied.OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional population-based study aims to investigate if there is an early association between kidney function and echocardiographic markers of cardiac structure and diastolic function.METHODS: The study population consisted of 1,50
A person's lipid profile is influenced by genetic variants and alcohol consumption, but the contribution of interactions between these exposures has not been studied. We therefore incorporated gene-alcohol interactions into a multiancestry genome-wide association study of levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. We included 45 studies
