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BACKGROUND: The question of whether having a family history of prostatic borderline or in situ neoplasia (PBISN) is associated with an increased risk of invasive prostate cancer (PCa) or death from PCa remains unanswered. The objective of the current study was to provide an evidence-based risk estimation for the relatives of patients with PBISN.METHODS: Nationwide Swedish family cancer data sets w

Ants use memorized visual scenes to navigate towards food sources and to return to their nest. Two new studies show that both of these behaviors fail when structures of the ant brain known as mushroom bodies are chemically disrupted, confirming long-held assumptions about the location of ants’ visual navigation memories.

It is unclear whether 12-lead ECG employing standard criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) provides similar information with respect to long-term cardiovascular risk as echocardiography. The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of 1376 individuals without cardiovascular disease, who underwent ECG (LVH defined using the Sokolow-Lyon voltage combination (>35 mm) or the Cornell vo

Summary: In this national study of osteoporotic fractures in foreign-born individuals, we found a lower risk of osteoporotic fractures in general among foreign-born individuals compared with Swedish-born, especially in immigrants from southern Europe. A higher risk was found among some groups, i.e. men and women from Bosnia and Iraq and men from Lebanon. Introduction: The aim of this study was to

Objective: We evaluated the claim that interventions to improve academic achievement can reduce the risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Method: Using nationwide data for individuals born in Sweden from 1972 to 1981 (n = 930,182), we conducted instrumental variable and co-relative analyses of the association between academic achievement and AUD with a mean 21.4-year follow-up. Our instru-ment, use

Nanowires bring new possibilities to the field of hot-carrier photovoltaics by providing flexibility in combining materials for band engineering and using nanophotonic effects to control light absorption. Previously, an open-circuit voltage beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit was demonstrated in hot-carrier devices based on InAs-InP-InAs nanowire heterostructures. However, in these first experiment

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening condition with a mortality rate of over 80%. Persistent smoking, which is a risk factor for AAA, has lasting effects on DNA methylation. Moreover, a plasma-amino acid, homocysteine, previously implicated in vascular diseases, including aneurysms, has well-established biological association with methylation. In the present study, we aimed to det

BackgroundSweden has in recent years witnessed increasing rates of firearm-related violence and homicide, which has contributed to increased rates of deadly violence. Attempts to profile offenders committing such crimes are of major importance, because such efforts may contribute to better preventive measures. We therefore aimed to study the characteristics of individuals convicted and/or suspecte

Background: Women who deliver pre-term have been reported to have increased future risks of cardiometabolic disorders. However, their long-term risks of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and whether such risks are due to shared familial factors are unclear. A better understanding of these risks may help improve long-term clinical follow-up and interventions to prevent IHD in women. Objectives: The purp

Even though insects have comparably small brains, they achieve astoundingly complex behaviors. One example is flying moths tracking minute amounts of pheromones using olfactory circuits. The tracking distance can be up to 1 km, which makes it essential that male moths respond efficiently and reliably to very few pheromone molecules. The male-specific macroglomerular complex (MGC) in the moth anten

The intrauterine milieu can have an impact on an individualʼs entire life. Restricted supply not only causes reduced growth, but also irreparable damage, e.g., cardiovascular or neurocognitive. Issues to be addressed by prenatal medicine include not only possible therapeutic aspects, but also the question of the optimal medical strategy, which aims to minimize damage from undersupply on the one ha

Objective: The aim was to analyse risk of forearm fractures in first- and second-generation immigrants to Sweden. Methods: A nationwide study of individuals 20 years of age and older was conducted. Forearm fractures were defined as at least one registered diagnosis in the National Patient Register between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2012. Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the relat

OBJECTIVE: The authors examined the association between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and risk of suicide, before and after accounting for psychiatric comorbidity, and assessed the extent to which the observed association is due to a potentially causal mechanism or genetic and familial environmental confounding factors that increase risk for both. METHODS: Longitudinal population-wide Swedish medical

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and colorectal cancer (CRC) share some risk factors, including lifestyle and metabolic disturbances. We aimed to provide in-depth information on the association of CRC risk, especially early-onset CRC, with DM, family history of CRC, and age at DM diagnosis. METHODS: A nationwide cohort study was conducted using Swedish family cancer data sets, inpatient, and o

Understanding protein aggregation is essential to unveil molecular mechanisms associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's and spongiform encephalopathy, particularly to determine the role of interaction with cell membranes. In this study, we employ Langmuir monolayers as cell membrane models to mimic interaction with the peptide KTNMHKHMAGAAAAGAVVGGLG−OH, a fragmen

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a worldwide burden, leading to over 10 million deaths yearly. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative organized by the International Society of Hypertension aimed at raising awareness of hypertension and the need for BP screening. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 was carried out in May 2017. BP measurement, the definition of

Curved crystal surfaces enable the systematic and accurate comparison of physical and chemical processes for a full set of vicinal crystal planes, which are probed in the very same environment. Here, we examine the early stages of the CO chemisorption on vicinal Rh(111) surfaces using a curved Rh crystal that exposes a smoothly variable density of {100} (A-type) and {111} (B-type) steps. We readil

BACKGROUND: Previous research suggests that Tanzanian MSM might prefer consulting pharmacies and drugstores, rather than public healthcare services, when in need of STI medicines and treatment. Yet, few studies have explored the experiences of providing services to MSM clients among those working at pharmacies and drugstores and examined what challenges they encounter in providing these services.