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The aim was to investigate embryo-foetal effects of continuous maternal insulin-induced hypoglycaemia extending throughout gestation or until gestation day (GD)17 (typical last day of dosing during pre-clinical evaluation) providing comparator data for safety assessment of longer-acting insulin analogues in non-diabetic rats. Pregnant rats received human insulin (HI)-infusion during gestation unti
Executive function is defined as a set of cognitive skills that are necessary to plan, monitor, and execute a sequence of goal-directed complex actions. Executive function is influenced by a variety of factors, including habitual sleep duration and diabetes. In the present study, we investigated in 18,769 Swedish adults (mean age: 61 y) the association between executive function, diabetes, and sel
With the rapid development of short-pulse intense laser sources, studies of matter under extreme irradiation conditions enter further unexplored regimes. In addition, an application of X-ray Free-Electron Lasers (XFELs) delivering intense femtosecond X-ray pulses, allows to investigate sample evolution in IR pump - X-ray probe experiments with an unprecedented time resolution. Here we present a de
Background: Will being a caregiver further impact the health of a group already at risk of adverse health due to old age? This study aimed to answer the questions whether short- and long-term healthcare consumption and mortality differ between informal caregivers and non-caregivers and between high-burden and low-burden informal caregivers. Method: The study population consisted of 423 caregivers
Commonly, heat transfer performance of a nanofluid is enhanced by increasing the mass fraction of nanoparticles due to an improvement of the thermo-physical properties. However, increasing the number of nanoparticles in the base fluid will result in an increase of the nanofluid viscosity. This research aims to investigate natural convective heat transfer for an electric heater filled with various
Objectives: The First-time Injurious Fall (FIF) screening tool was created to identify fall risk in community-living older adults who may benefit from primary preventive interventions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive performance of the FIF tool in 2 cohorts of older adults. Design: Longitudinal cohort study. Setting and Participants: The Swedish National Study on Aging and Car
Experimental research was conducted to reveal the effects of nanofluids on heat transfer performance in a double-tube heat exchanger. With nanoparticle weight fraction of 0.5-2.0% and Reynolds number of 4500-14500, the flow resistance and heat transfer were analyzed by using six nanofluids, i.e., CuO-water, Al2O3-water, Fe3O4-water, ZnO-water, SiC-water, SiO2-water nanofluids. Results show that Si
In this study, the thermal and hydraulic performances of six different printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) configurations with supercritical liquefied natural gas as the working fluid are studied by a numerical method. Firstly, the thermal and hydraulic performances of the PCHE with airfoil fins are investigated at different operating pressures, which indicate that the PCHE with airfoil fins has
Droplet-based microfluidics is a widely used technology in various chemical and biological applications. Droplet formation is an essential part of droplet-based microfluidics. This work applied and summarized a combination of techniques for speeding up computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations based on the Volume of Fluid method for the droplet generation process. To demonstrate the efficienc
This work experimentally tests and numerically investigates the heat transfer augmentation, the flow characteristics and the overall thermal performance of truncated ribs in a rectangular channel with an aspect ratio of 1:4 designed by using the fractal theory. The liquid crystal thermography (LCT) method in steady-state is adopted and the three-dimensional CFD numerical simulations with an establ
The present work concentrates on perforated 90° ribs to improve the thermal performances in a rectangular cooling channel with an aspect ratio of 4:1. Three different types of perforated ribbed channels are designed and compared. Steady-state Liquid Crystal Thermography (LCT) is employed to measure surface temperature and derive heat transfer coefficients over the ribbed surfaces in the tested cha
We present a simple method for choosing an efficient h igh-order harmonic generation (HHG) gas target, given the driving laser characteristics. The predictions are validated by simulations based on solving the time-dependent Schrödinger and propagation equations.
Recently, nonwetting surfaces have attracted explosive attention in the community of dropwise condensation. Prediction models have been used to improve the fundamental understanding of dropwise condensation heat transfer. However, the multiscale heat transfer characteristics of individual droplets and the quantitative heat transfer evaluation of the droplet growth on different condensing surfaces
Quantum computers based on rare-earth-ion-doped crystals show promising properties in terms of scalability and connectivity if single ions can be used as qubits. Through simulations, we investigate gate operations on such qubits. We discuss how gate and system parameters affect gate errors, the required frequency bandwidth per qubit, and the risk for instantaneous spectral diffusion (ISD). Further
A key parameter for the low-temperature magnetic coupling of in dinuclear lanthanide single-molecule magnets (SMMs) is the barrier UFA resulting from the exchange and dipole interactions between the two 4f moments. Here we extend the pseudospin model previously used to describe the ground state of dinuclear endofullerenes to account for variations in the orientation of the single-ion anisotropy ax
A synoptic overview of scientific methods applied in bone and associated research fields across species has yet to be published. Experts from the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE (“GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal Traits translational Network”) Working Group 2 present an overview of the routine techniques as well as clinical and research approaches employed to characterize bone phenotypes in humans and selected
Context: In a recent study a pattern of 27 metabolites, including serum glycine, associated with bone mineral density (BMD). Objective: To investigate associations for serum and urinary glycine levels with BMD, bone microstructure, and fracture risk in men. Methods: In the population-based Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Sweden study (men, 69-81 years) serum glycine and BMD were measured at b
It is widely known that most of the heat transfer and pressure drop measurements in heat exchangers are global measurements that are based on surface averaged parameters that do not measure the growth of the hydraulic and thermal boundary layer. Recent local heat transfer coefficient investigations on hydrocarbon condensation in plate heat exchangers suggest that the mean heat transfer coefficient
The viscosity of ionanofluids consisting of the two ionic liquids (ILs), 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([emim][DCA]) and 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ([emim][TCM]), and aluminium oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles has been measured. The pure ionic liquids were also measured, and a simple Andrade equation and a Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher equation were presented to predict
Objectives Emerging evidence supports that PR interval prolongation is associated with increased mortality. However, most previous studies have limited confounder control, and clinical impact in a population of acute ill patients is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 1-year all-cause mortality was increased in patients presenting with PR interval prolongation in the emergenc
