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Type 1 diabetes is a lifelong, chronic disease, that generally has a sudden onset early in life, which changes the conditions for the affected child and the child’s family. The overall purpose of this thesis was to explore the socioeconomic consequences of childhood onset type 1 diabetes and through this investigate how an early life health shock can affect adult socioeconomic status. The four inc

Mechanical load through physical activity has been shown to be one of the best stimuli to increase the bone strength. This effect of mechanical load accounts for both the accrual of bone mineral and structural skeletal adaptations. Exercise prescription also includes a "window of opportunity" in the late pre- and early peri-pubertal period, where exercise is supposed to insert the most obvious ben

Falls and fractures share several common risk factors. Although past falls is not included as an input variable in the FRAX calculator, we demonstrate that FRAX probability predicts risk of incident falls in the MrOs Sweden cohort.

Context: The age-related decline in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels is thought to be of importance for general and vascular aging. However, data on the association between DHEA and mortality are conflicting. Objectives: We tested the hypothesis that low serum DHEA and DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S) levels predict all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) death in elderly men. Design, Setting, and Par

To determine if primary hand osteoarthritis (OA) is associated with abnormal bone and anthropometric traits.

Aim: To present gender-specific normative data on estimates of neuromuscular performance, such as muscle strength, vertical jump and standing unilateral balance, in pre-pubertal children. Methods: Lean body mass (kg) and fat mass (%) were estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 246 boys and 190 girls aged 6-12 years in Tanner stages 1 and 2. Isokinetic concentric peak torque at 60 and 180

Background: Despite considerable racial and geographical differences in human phenotypes and in the incidence of diseases that may be associated with sex steroid action, there are few data concerning variation in sex steroid levels among populations. We designed an international study to determine the degree to which geography and race influence sex steroid levels in older men. Methods: Using mass

BACKGROUND: The number of hip fractures during recent decades has been reported to be increasing, partly because of an increasing proportion of elderly women in the society. However, whether changes in hip fracture annual incidence in women are attributable to secular changes in the prevalence of osteoporosis is unclear. METHODS: Bone mineral density was evaluated by single-photon absorptiometry a

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a principal regulator of calcium homeostasis. Previously, we studied single-nucleotide polymorphisms present in the major genes in the PTH pathway (PTH, PTHrP, PTHR1, PTHR2) in relation to bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture incidence. We found that haplotypes of the PTH gene were associated with fracture risk independent of BMD. In the present study, we evaluated

The objective was to investigate prevalence, estimate risk factors, and antenatal suspicion of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP) associated with laparotomy in women in the Nordic countries.

Childhood and adolescence are critical periods for the skeleton. Mechanical load has then been shown to be one of the best stimuli to enhance not only bone mass, but also structural skeletal adaptations, as both contributing to bone strength. Exercise prescription also includes a window of opportunity to improve bone strength in the late pre- and early peri-pubertal period. There is some evidence

Objective: A prospective evaluation of the long-term effects of early menopause on mortality, risk of fragility fracture and osteoporosis. Design: Prospective population-based observational study. Setting Malmö, Sweden. Population A total of 390 white north European women aged 48 years at the start of the study. Methods: At baseline, bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by single-photon abs

Little is known concerning the amount of time doctors spend doing different work tasks. A comparative study between four surgical departments in Sweden and England was performed. The time study shows that doctors in Sweden spent around 37% of working hours on administration and 40% on patient work. The numbers in England were 15% and 66% respectively. From the survey, only performed in Sweden, it

Objective: Bone loss and periosteal expansion is found after menopause. The accelerated early postmenopausal bone loss is not permanent but if the same accounts for the periosteal expansion is unknown. Methods: Bone mineral density (BMD) and skeletal structure of the distal forearm were followed from menopause and on average 24 years (range 18-28) by single-photon absorptiometry at 12 occasions in

Abstract Objective: To evaluate long-run cost-effectiveness in a Swedish setting for liraglutide compared with sulphonylureas (glimepiride) or sitagliptin, all as add-on to metformin for patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled with metformin in monotherapy. Methods: The IHE Cohort Model of Type 2 Diabetes was used to evaluate clinical and economic outcomes from a societal perspecti