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Background: Meat intake may be related to weight gain because of its high energy and fat content. Some observational studies have shown that meat consumption is positively associated with weight gain, but intervention studies have shown mixed results. Objective: Our objective was to assess the association between consumption of total meat, red meat, poultry, and processed meat and weight gain afte
Background and purpose-Little is known about the characteristics of non-participants in epidemiological studies. We evaluated external validity by comparing fracture and mortality rate in participants and non-participants in a longitudinal study on risk factors for fracture. Methods - 1,604 randomly selected women, 75 years of age, were invited to attend a study on osteoporosis and fracture. 1,044
The new instrument for near-ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy which has been installed at the MAX II ring of the Swedish synchrotron radiation facility MAX IV Laboratory in Lund is presented. The new instrument, which is based on a SPECS PHOIBOS 150 NAP analyser, is the first to feature the use of retractable and exchangeable high-pressure cells. This implies that clean vacuum cond
An increase in hip fracture incidence during the recent half-century has been reported worldwide and has been predicted to continue. Recent publications, however, have reported stable or even decreasing hip fracture incidence. No reports evaluate whether these changes in hip fracture incidence are associated with changes in bone mineral density (BMD), if they apply in both urban and rural settings
As their most critical limitation, neighborhood and health studies published to date have not taken into account nonresidential activity places where individuals travel in their daily lives. However, identifying low-mobility populations residing in low-resource environments, assessing cumulative environmental exposures over multiple activity places, and identifying specific activity locations for
In epidemiological studies, Helicobacter pylori infection is usually detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). However, infection can spontaneously clear from the mucosa during the progression of atrophy and could lead to substantial under-detection of infection and underestimation of its effect on gastric cancer (GC) risk. Antibodies detected by western blot are known to persist long
Background: Traffic emissions including diesel engine exhaust are associated with increased respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Controlled human exposure studies have demonstrated impaired vascular function after inhalation of exhaust generated by a diesel engine under idling conditions. Objectives: To assess the vascular and fibrinolytic effects of exposure to diesel exhaust g
Background Increased levels of thyroglobulin (Tg) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are associated with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (TC) risk, but strong epidemiological evidence is lacking. Methods Three hundred fifty-seven incident TC case patients (n = 300 women and 57 men; mean age at blood collection = 51.5 years) were identified in the EPIC cohort study and matched with 2 (women) or
Context: The key role of serum estradiol (E2) for bone health in men is well established. The effect of serum sex steroids on bone microstructure, measured by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, remains unknown in elderly men. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the associations between serum sex steroids and bone microstructural parameters in older men. M
Osteoporosis and low bone strength in older people may be due to low bone mass accrual or elevated age-related loss of bone mass. The mechanisms underlying loss of bone mass have long been subjected to research. However, research has only started in the last decade to focus on strategies to increase bone mass:the current opinion is that childhood and adolescence are critical periods for building u
In Skaraborg, Sweden, the economic responsibility for tax-financed prescription drug costs was transferred from the regional administrative level to the local level (health care centre; HCC) in 2003. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of this decentralization of economic responsibility on adherence to guidelines for prescribing lipid-lowering drugs. Data from all 24 public HCCs in
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide, with an annual incidence of more than 1 million cases. Despite advancements in the management of CRC, mortality remains high. Accumulating evidence indicates that CRC is a heterogeneous disease, which affects outcome beyond what can be predicted by disease stage and other conventional prognostic factors. Thus, there is a
Background: The evidence about nitrosamines and heme iron intake and cancer risk is limited, despite the biologic plausibility of the hypothesis that these factors might increase cancer risk. We investigated the association between dietary nitrosamines and heme iron and the risk of prostate cancer among participants of European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Methods: D
We investigate the generation of high-order harmonics using laser pulse energies in the few-mu J range at high repetition rates. We analyse how the conversion efficiency is influenced by the tight focusing geometry required for the generation of high-order harmonics under these conditions. A generalized phase-matching model allows us to discuss macroscopic phase effects independent of focal length
Epidemiological studies have examined breast cancer risk in relation to sex hormone concentrations measured by different methods: "extraction" immunoassays (with prior purification by organic solvent extraction, with or without column chromatography), "direct" immunoassays (no prior extraction or column chromatography), and more recently with mass spectrometry-based assays. We describe the associa
Background: While the benefits or otherwise of early hip fracture repair is a long-running controversy with studies showing contradictory results, this practice is being adopted as a quality indicator in several health care organizations. The aim of this study is to analyze the association between early hip fracture repair and in-hospital mortality in elderly people attending public hospitals in t
The surface structure of Pd(100) during CO oxidation was measured using a combination of a flow reactor and in situ surface X-ray diffraction coupled to a large-area 2-dimensional detector. The surface structure was measured for P-O2/P-CO ratios between 0.6 and 10 at a fixed total gas pressure of 200 mbar and a fixed CO pressure of 10 +/- 1 mbar. In conjunction with the surface structure the react
Surface interactions of water with nano-TiO2 and structurally related group IV metal dioxide nanoparticles have been investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations. The investigated clusters include 46 and 92 unit models of TiO2 (i.e., (TiO2)(46) and (TiO2)(92)) of the three low-energy polymorphs of TiO2: anatase, rutile, and brookite. The investiga
