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Introduction: In wood-dwelling fungus-farming weevils, the so-called ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae), wood in the excavated tunnels is used as a medium for cultivating fungi by the combined action of digging larvae (which create more space for the fungi to grow) and of adults sowing and pruning the fungus. The beetles are obligately dependent on the fungus that provid
Large uncertainty exists in model projections of the land carbon (C) sink response to increasing atmospheric CO2. Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments lasting a decade or more have investigated ecosystem responses to a step change in atmospheric CO2 concentration. To interpret FACE results in the context of gradual increases in atmospheric CO2 over decades to centuries, we used a suite of se
Recent developments of surrogate assays for human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) have facilitated efforts at improving HSC gene transfer efficiency. Through the use of xenograft transplantation models, such as nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice, successful oncoretroviral gene transfer to transplantable hematopoietic cells has been achieved. However, because of the l
In the present paper an iterative time-reversal algorithm that retrofocuses an acoustic wave field to its controllable part is established. For a fixed temporal support, i.e., transducer excitation time, the algorithm generates an optimal retrofocusing in the least-squares sense. Thus the iterative time-reversal algorithm reduces the temporal support of the excitation from the requirement of negli
Popular Abstract in Swedish Syftet med denna undersökning är att diskutera inlärares signaler om hjälp att uttrycka sig på främmande språk, här franska, signaler som här kallas ?sollicitationer?. Undersökningen handlar om vilken roll dessa spelar för den fortsatta utvecklingen av samtalet med den infödde talaren, närmare bestämt för att utlösa s.k. SPA (Séquences Potentiellement Acquisitionnelles)The aim of this study is to discuss how ?soliciting? (non-native speakers? requests of native speakers for help in how to express themselves in a foreign language) may play a part in the triggering of SPAs (Séquences Potentiellement Acquisitionnelles or ?learning?teaching sequences?). The beneficial effect of SPAs for learning is still controversial, since no correlation has yet been shown between
Background: Adipose tissue is a source of inflammatory cytokines which may influence insulin action. Aim: To evaluate exercise effects on plasma (p)-levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interleukin (IL)-6 in Peruvian Amerindian women. Material and Methods: After five years of observation during which p-glucose deteriorated and weight increased, 44 Peruvian Amerindian women aged 20-59 y
The eusocial Acacia gall-inducing thrips Kladothrips intermedius (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripinae) secretes defensive anal droplets when threatened. In addition to harmful substances, droplets of other thysanopteran species are known to contain semiochemicals such as alarm pheromones and/or repellents against enemies. Both Kl. intermedius larval stages and adult castes (soldiers and dispersers) prod
Soluble inflammatory markers obtained from non-invasive airway sampling such as induced sputum may be useful biomarkers for targeted pharmaceutical interventions. However, before these soluble markers can be used as potential targets, their variability and reproducibility need to be established in distinct study populations.
We consider the problem of approximating functions that arise in wave-equation imaging by sums of wave packets. Our objective is to find sparse decompositions of image functions, over a finite range of scales. We also address the naturally connected task of numerically approximating the wavefront set. We present an approximation where we use the dyadic parabolic decomposition, but the approach is
This paper deals with optimal load balancing in telecommunication networks based on multiple spanning tree routing. This is the case in switched Ethernet networks where the operator configures different routing spanning trees and assigns each demand VLAN to one of the spanning trees. We consider modeling and solving three load balancing objectives: (i) minimization of the average link load with a
In order to identify the protein responsible for a dopamine peroxidizing activity, previously described in human normal and parkinsonian substantia nigra by our group, we developed non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conditions, mimicking the characteristic colour in vitro reaction, resulting from cyclic oxidation of dopamine (DA). After separating protein mixtures from human normal
Objectives. We examined the socioeconomic distribution of adolescent exposure to bullying internationally and documented the contribution of the macroeconomic environment. Methods. We used an international survey of 162305 students aged 11, 13, and 15 years from nationally representative samples of 5998 schools in 35 countries in Europe and North America for the 2001-2002 school year. The survey u
Recombinant amorpha-4,11-diene synthase from Artemisia annua, expressed in Escherichia coli, was incubated with the deuterium-labeled farnesyl diphosphates, (1R)-[1-H-2]FPP, (1S)-[1-H-2]FPP, and [1,1-H-2(2)]FPP. GC-MS analysis of amorpha-4,11-diene formed from the deuterated FPPs shows that the deuterium atoms are retained in the product. Furthermore, analysis of the MS-spectra obtained with the d
A novel immunoassay (PINC-ELISA) was designed using proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily (PINC) in the solid phase, to promote the selective capture of cysteine proteinases. The method was applied in the identification of papain-like antigens from parasitic protozoa. PINC of human origin, namely recombinant cystatin C (r-cystatin C) or low molecular weight kininogen were used in the a
A possible role for infections of the pregnant mother in the development of childhood acute leukemias and lymphomas has been suggested. However, no specific infectious agent has been identified. Offspring of 74,000 mothers who had serum samples taken during pregnancy and stored in a large-scale biobank were followed up to the age of 15 years (750,000 person years) through over-generation linkages
We present a multiuser synchronization scheme for tracking the mobile's uplink time and frequency offsets. It uses the redundancy introduced by the cyclic prefix and does not need additional pilots. We show performance results of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio interface based on the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS) parameters. For a UMTS-typical mo
The use of routine imaging for patients with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in complete remission (CR) is controversial. In a population-based study, we examined the post-remission survival of Danish and Swedish HL patients for whom follow-up practices were different. Follow-up in Denmark included routine imaging, usually for a minimum of 2 years, whereas clinical follow-up without routine imagin
