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In a regulatory context, skin sensitization hazard and risk evaluations of manufactured products and their ingredients (e.g. cosmetics) are mandatory in several regions. Great efforts have been made within the field of 21st Century Toxicology to provide non-animal testing approaches to assess the skin allergy potential of materials (e.g. chemicals, mixtures, nanomaterials, particles). Mechanistic

Photosystem I (PSI) is combined with Desulfovibrio gigas hydrogenase for the bioelectrocatalytic photosynthesis of hydrogen at an electrode surface. The activity of these two biocatalysts is linked by two redox polymers; a redox polymer with a relatively positive potential (loaded with an Os complex) is able to reduce PSI and thus facilitates the production of photoexcited electrons, whereas redox

This article addresses the future of Brazil's bioethanol sector, focusing on its capabilities to innovate, its efforts toward producing cellulosic ethanol, and on recently implemented policies. Contrary to what has been argued in the literature, Brazil may not be prepared to face the technological and market challenges now emerging in the biofuels domain worldwide. Important productive investments

The influences on gene expression by codons at positions +2, +3, +5 and +7 downstream of the initiation codon have been compared. Most of the +2 codons that are known to give low gene expression are associated with a higher expression if placed at the later positions. The NGG codons AGG, CGG, UGG and GGG, but not GGN or GNG (where N is non-G), are unique since they are associated with a very low g

We describe two unrelated cases of ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) deficiency with rare neonatal presentation of hyperammonaemia. The diagnosis in the neonatal presentation of OAT deficiency is hampered as hyperornithinaemia is absent. Enzyme and mutation studies confirmed the diagnosis. OAT deficiency should be included in differential diagnosis of neonatal hyperammonaemia.

INTRODUCTION: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuronal messenger in intracranial sensory nerves and is considered to play a significant role in migraine pathophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the effect of the CGRP receptor antagonist, telcagepant, on CGRP-induced cranial vasodilatation in human isolated cerebral and middle meningeal arteries. We also studied the expre

Despite major advances in antibody discovery technologies, the successful development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) into effective therapeutic and diagnostic agents can often be impeded by developability liabilities, such as poor expression, low solubility, high viscosity and aggregation. Therefore, strategies to predict at the early phases of antibody development the risk of late-stage failure

Objective:Sleep duration has been related to overweight in children, but determinants of sleep duration are unclear. The aims were to investigate the association between sleep duration and childhood overweight adjusted for family characteristics and unhealthy behaviours, to explore determinants of sleep duration and to determine with sleep competing activities.Method:A cross-sectional study was ca

Lateralization is a fundamental property of the human brain that affects perceptual, motor, and cognitive processes. It is now acknowledged that left-right laterality is widespread across vertebrates and even some invertebrates such as fruit flies and bees. Honeybees, which learn to associate an odorant (the conditioned stimulus, CS) with sucrose solution (the unconditioned stimulus, US), recall t

Companies aiming to be 'sustainability leaders' in their sector and governments wanting to support their ambitions need a means to assess the changes required to make a significant difference in the impact of their whole sector. Previous work on scenario analysis/scenario planning demonstrates extensive developments and applications, but as yet few attempts to integrate the 'triple bottom line' co

In the project Melody in Human–Cat Communication (Meowsic) we are using established phonetic methods to collect, annotate, pre-process and analyse domestic cat–human vocal communication. This article describes these methods, and also presents results of meow vocalisations in four different mental states showing variation in fundamental frequency (f0).

Various modal methods are frequently used to investigate the vibration pattern in construction elements of a building in the low frequency range. The experimental determination of time average transmission and reflection coefficient has been developed for the large scale building structures. In this study, we investigate a mock up of a wall/floor junction. The wave approach is combined with the co

Enligt forskare och praktiker innebär klimatförändringarna särskilda utmaningar för freden. För att förstå vilka dessa utmaningar är och hur man ska hantera dem måste man ta hänsyn till kön, eftersom både erfarenheter av och processer för fred, samt drivkrafter bakom klimatförändringar är könsbundna. Exempelvis kan kvinnor och män uppleva förhållandena efter en vapenvila på olika sätt, eller så kaScholars and practitioners argue that climate change poses particular challenges for peace. In order to understand what these challenges are and how to tackle them necessitates attention to gender, since experiences and processes of peace are gendered, as are experiences and drivers of climate change. For instance, women and men may experience conditions after a ceasefire differently, or climate h

Neural induction by cell-cell signaling was discovered a century ago by the organizer transplantations of Spemann and Mangold in amphibians. Spemann later found that early dorsal blastopore lips induced heads and late organizers trunk-tail structures. Identifying region-specific organizer signals has been a driving force in the progress of animal biology. Head induction in the absence of trunk is

In this Letter, we aim to address a knowledge gap in the intersection, and boundaries, between law(s) and circular policies, business models, and practices. By exploring the existing literature and real-life examples across the world, this work provokes further research towards a deeper understanding of the necessary changes in the legal paradigm to enable circular innovation and achieve more circ

This article offers a moral and logical critique of human rights minimalism, by which is meant an account that restricts human rights to a level of sufficiency above or beyond which inequalities have no moral relevance, and which makes duties prior to rights, such that rights are dependent on assumed or actual institutional capacities. The argument is that human rights minimalism fails by its own This article offers a moral and logical critique of human rights minimalism, by which is meant an account that restricts human rights to a level of sufficiency above or beyond which inequalities have no moral relevance, and which makes duties prior to rights, such that rights are dependent on assumed or actual institutional capacities. The argument is that human rights minimalism fails by its own

Changes in temperature have occurred throughout Earth's history. However, current warming trends exacerbated by human activities impose severe and rapid loss of biodiversity. Although understanding the mechanisms orchestrating organismal response to climate change is important, remarkably few studies document their role in nature. This is because only few systems enable the combined analysis of ge

Observational learning has shown to be a successful intervention for writing. Up until now, however, studies have only been performed with normal-hearing participants, usually highschool or university students. Additionally, there have been conflicting results in whether subjective text quality correlates with one or more objectively measured text characteristics. In this study, we measured the ef

En berättelse om entreprenaden bakom byggandet av Lunds domkyrka. Den lokala aristokratins erfarenhet av entreprenader, anskaffandet av arbetskraft och Harald Blåtands första etablering i Lund inleder redogörelsen. Den första byggnaden på kyrkoplatsen, troligen ett kloster, får byggnadsmaterialet fråm Helsingborg- och Ystadstrakten. Den stående domkyrkans sten kommer från Hallaröd/Munkarp. En fyll

In the framework of robotics, Reinforcement Learning (RL) deals with the learning of a task by the robot itself. This paper presents a hierarchical planning approach in which the robot learns the optimal behavior for different levels. For high-level discrete actions, Q-learning was chosen, whereas for the low level we utilize Policy Improvement with Path Integrals (PI^2) algorithm to learn the par