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The production of blood cells is regulated by the action of external factors, cytokines, that can be released by many cell types. In the first place, a population of multipotent stem cells, mostly in the resting Go phase of the cell cycle, but with self-renewal capacity, gives rise to progenitor cells that are predetermined for differentiation into all kinds of blood cells. Expression of genes for
Contamination is the most common and arguably the most significant problem scientists are facing in experimental surface science research that is practiced in the presence of gases. It is fair to say that contamination problems are often worse with ambient pressures compared to conventional experiments in vacuum. It is one of the main reasons for poor reproducibility in this field and in relevant
Languages of diverse structures and different families tend to share common patterns if they are spoken in geographic proximity. This convergence is often explained by horizontal diffusibility, which is typically ascribed to language contact. In such a scenario, speakers of two or more languages interact and influence each other’s languages, and in this interaction, more grammaticalized features t
The severity of the crisis in the Southern Eurozone countries is frequently attributed to inflated economies and reckless spending. Thus, it isn’t surprising that the main interpretation is that the crisis ought to be solved by decreasing government spending and lowering wages. This paper argues, instead, that one of the core underlying reasons for the severity of the crisis in the Southern Eurozo
After more than a decade since the outbreak of the financial crisis, overall economic growth in the Eurozone is still disappointing. An increasing group of economists attributes the inadequate economic performance to large and deeply engrained differences between the productive structures of the Northern and Southern Eurozone. To find out whether there is reason to believe this, we apply the Econo
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes mellitus (CFRD) is the most common non-pulmonary co-morbidity in cystic fibrosis (CF). CF is caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR), which leads to aberrant luminal fluid secretions in organs such as the lungs and pancreas. How dysfunctional CFTR leads to CFRD is still under debate. Both intrinsic effects of dysfu
This article presents a shared vision among stakeholders across the value chain on the use of radio positioning and sensing for road safety in the 5G ecosystem. The key enabling technologies and architectural functionalities are explored, focusing on the extremely stringent localization and communication requirements. A case study for joint radar and communication using experimental data showcases
IoT networks are getting overcrowded following the vast increase in number of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and connections. Networks can be extended with more gateways, increasing the number of supported devices. However, as investigated in this work, massive MIMO has the potential to increase the number of simultaneous connections and moreover lower the energy expenditure of these devices. We
Low-Power Wide-Area Networks operating in the unlicensed bands are being deployed to connect a rapidly growing number of Internet-of-Things devices. While the unlicensed sub-GHz band offers favorable propagation for long-range connections, measurements show that the energy consumption of the nodes is still mostly dominated by the wireless transmission affecting their autonomy. We investigate the p
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are part of deregulated insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. Rodent models have suggested miR-200c to be involved, but the role and potential as therapeutic target of this miRNA in human islets are not clear. Here we report increased expression of miR-200c in islets from T2D as compared with nondiabetic (ND) donors and display results showing reduced glucose-s
Massive multiple-input multiple-out (MIMO) technology is vital in millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands to obtain large array gains. However, there are practical challenges, such as high hardware cost and power consumption in such systems. A promising solution to these problems is to adopt a hybrid beamforming architecture. This architecture has a much lower number of transceiver (TRx) chains than the to
The immediate environment of the transmit (TX) and receive (RX) antennas, including the antenna casings and the users holding the antennas, has a strong impact on the propagation channel and thus on wireless systems. In this paper we experimentally evaluate a method that synthetically combines double-directional measurements of the propagation channel (without the user influence) with measured ant
Tio lektioner i svenska är en interaktiv grammatikbok för nybörjare. Varje lektion innehåller en genomgång av ett grammatiskt ämne, förutom en dialog, några interaktiva övningar och en friare skrivövning. Grammatiken förklaras från grunden på lättförståelig svenska. Det handlar till exempel om substantiv, adjektiv, frågeord, uttal och ordföljd. Dialogerna fokuserar på lektionens ämne, och innehåll
We present a simple method for choosing an efficient h igh-order harmonic generation (HHG) gas target, given the driving laser characteristics. The predictions are validated by simulations based on solving the time-dependent Schrödinger and propagation equations.
This chapter describes basic principles and recent advances in time-resolved X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy with particular emphasis on studies conducted in complex reaction environments. Specifically, it discusses different ways for obtaining time information and achieving different time resolutions in tr-(AP)XPS experiment, covering timescales from fs to s. This includes experimental setups at
This chapter introduces a selection of novel and emerging concepts in ambient pressure X-ray spectroscopies. Technical considerations and first photoemission experiments performed in and above 1 bar pressure are described. Then, X-ray spectroscopy experiments that provide high lateral (microscopy) and depth (X-ray standing-waves) resolution in ambient environments are discussed. The final part of
Climate change influences population demography by altering patterns of gene flow and reproductive isolation. Direct mutation rates offer the possibility for accurate dating on the within-species level but are currently only available for a handful of vertebrate species. Here, we use the first directly estimated mutation rate in birds to study the evolutionary history of pied flycatchers (Ficedula
A wealth of theoretical and empirical arguments have suggested that music triggers emotional responses by resembling the inflections of expressive vocalizations, but have done so using low-level acoustic parameters (pitch, loudness, speed) that, in fact, may not be processed by the listener in reference to human voice. Here, we take the opportunity of the recent availability of computational model
