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Frågan om lojalitet och samverkan i avtalsförhållanden mellan näringsidkare har under senare år fått ökad betydelse i svensk avtalsrätt. I takt med att lojalitetsplikten stärkts i rättstillämpningen har även de plikter som följer därav, såsom medverkansplikten, fått en mer framträdande roll. Medverkansplikten präglades under lång tid av oklarhet och bristande definition. Det saknades närmare vägleIn recent years, the issue of loyalty and cooperation in contractual relationships between business operators has gained increased significance in Swedish contract law. As the duty of loyalty has been strengthened in legal practice, the obligations deriving from it, such as the duty to cooperate, have also assumed a more prominent role. For a long time, the duty to cooperate was characterised by v

Denna uppsats behandlar EU:s nya regler som förändrar kravet på prospekt - ett detaljerat informationsdokument som företag måste publicera när de erbju-der aktier till allmänheten eller noterar dem på en marknadsplats. Prospektet skyddar investerare genom att ge klar information om företaget, aktierna och riskerna, så att de kan fatta välgrundade beslut. Uppsatsen fokuserar på "tröskelvärdet&This essay discusses how the EU's new regulations change the requirement for prospectus - a detailed information document that companies must publish when offering shares to the public or listing them on a marketplace. The prospectus protects investors by providing clear information about the company, the shares, and the risks, enabling them to make well-informed investments. The essay focuses

Det är vedertaget i svensk rätt att avtal om framtida överlåtelse av fast egen- dom, såsom optionsavtal, är ogiltiga. En option är en rätt, men inte skyldighet, att i framtiden köpa eller sälja viss egendom. Även om det inte framgår explicit i lagtext eller förarbeten föreligger alltså i praktiken ett förbud mot option till fast egendom. Uppsatsens syfte är att granska huruvida det föreligger skälAgreements concerning future real estate transactions, such as option agree- ments, are invalid in the Swedish legal system. An option constitutes a right, but not an obligation, to buy or sell certain property in the future. There is a prohibition against option agreements to real estate, although it does not appear explicitly in the text of a law or the legislative history. The purpose of this t

I samband med metoo-rörelsen dömdes ett flertal kvinnor för förtal efter att ha pekat ut sin påstådda förövare av sexuella trakasserier och övergrepp på olika medieplattforma. Gemensamt i många av målen var att sanningshalten i kvinnornas uttalanden aldrig blev föremål för prövning. Bristen på sanningsprövning i målen väckte i sin tur debatt där kritik riktades mot förtalsbestämmelsen – är den en In connection with the #MeToo movement, several women were convicted of defamation after having publicly identified their alleged perpetrators of sexual harassment and assault. A common factor in many of these cases was that the truthfulness of the women’s statements was never subjected to judicial review by the courts. The absence of truth assessment in the cases has since sparked debate with cri

År 2023 kom regeringen med ett förslag i SOU 2023:44 som innebär att den frihetsberövande påföljden för barn under 18 år föreslås ersättas med ungdomsfängelse under Kriminalvårdens ansvar. I dagsläget verkställs frihetsberövande påföljder för unga lagöverträdare genom sluten ungdomsvård och Statens institutionsstyrelse (SiS). Reformen aktualiserar centrala frågor om hur svensk rätt förhåller sig tIn 2023, the Swedish Government presented a proposal in SOU 2023:44 according to which the custodial sanction for children under the age of 18 is proposed to be replaced by youth imprisonment. At present, custodial sanctions for young offenders are enforced through secure youth care administered by SiS. The reform raises fundamental questions concerning how Swedish law complies with the requiremen

Vid till- och nybyggnation i detaljplanerade områden finns det ett antal punkter som måste vara uppfyllda för att bygglov ska beviljas. Detta omfattar bland annat att ansökan ska följa gällande detaljplan samt att de krav och skyddsbestämmelser som finns i Plan- och bygglag (2010:900) ska vara uppfyllda. Ett av dessa krav är anpassningskravet i 2 kap. 6 § 1p PBL. Denna uppsats syftar till att geWhen granting a building permit for changes in detailed development areas, such as alterations and new construction, several requirements must be met. The application must comply with the detailed development plan, but also that the applicable regulations regarding the requirements and protective provisions are complied with. One of these requirements is the adaptation requirement (anpassningskrav

Utläggning av rörledningar på kontinentalsockeln har fått ökad praktisk betydelse i Europa, inte minst mot bakgrund av förändrade energipolitiska förutsättningar och behovet av ny energiinfrastruktur. Samtidigt aktualiserar sådana projekt komplexa rättsfrågor när de genomförs i maritima zoner där flera regelverk gör anspråk på att styra kuststatens handlingsutrymme. I svensk rätt regleras tillstånPipeline projects on the continental shelf have gained increasing practical importance in Europe, not least in light of shifting energy-policy conditions and the need for new energy infrastructure. Such projects raise complex legal issues when carried out in maritime zones where the coastal State’s jurisdiction is delimited by multiple legal regimes. In Swedish law, the permitting of pipeline proj

Uppsatsen behandlar billighetsskälens roll i det svenska påföljdssystemet och analyserar hur dessa har utvecklats i rättstillämpningen samt hur de motiveras och omvärderas i betänkandet En ny straffreform (SOU 2025:66). Billighetsskälen ger uttryck för humanitetsprincipen och syftar till att möjliggöra strafflindring när en påföljd utmätt enbart efter brottets straffvärde skulle framstå som oskäliThis thesis examines the role of billighetsskäl (equity factors) in the Swedish sentencing system and analyses their legal development as well as the rationale behind the proposals presented in A New Penal Reform (SOU 2025:66). Equity factors, reflect the principle of humanity by allowing courts to reduce sentences where punishment determined solely on the basis of penal value would be unreasonabl

Icke statliga aktörers (NSAs) roll inom internationell rätt har länge varit före-mål för debatt. I en tid då konflikter ökar, är NSAs fortsatta kamp för mänsk-liga rättigheter och global medvetenhet kring humanitära frågor högst relevant. Trots detta, utesluts NSAs från att föra talan i Internationella Domstolen (ICJ) och endast stater tillåts väcka talan. Följande uppsats undersöker hur ICJs statNon-state actors (NSAs) role in international law has long been a subject for discussion. In a time where conflicts are growing, NSAs continued fight for human rights and global awareness of humanitarian issues has become more important. Despite their ongoing mission, NSAs are legally excluded from the International Court of Justice (ICJ), where only states can bring cases for-ward. This thesis ex

During episodic memory retrieval, individuals often direct their gaze toward the spatial locations where visual stimuli previously appeared; a phenomenon known as the “looking at nothing” effect. While eye movements during recall have been proposed to support memory reconstruction, it remains unclear how their functional role varies across mental imagery vividness. Participants (n = 62) completed

Genomgång av det oklara käll- och forskningsläget rörande omständigheterna kring inspelningen av Johnny Bodes kult-LP "Bordellmammas visor". Publicerad som inlagetext i nyutgåva 2025.

Phosphorus-driven eutrophication of surface waters persists across Europe and Water Framework Directive (WFD) implementation is slow. Calls for better management approaches advocate for involving multiple stakeholders, considering social, ecological and technological drivers, and applying ‘multi-level’ or ‘multi-scalar’ approaches. However, multi-level approaches rarely apply ‘scales’ and ‘levels’

Environmental Building Certification (EBC) assessments, involving modelling, simulation, and grading calculation, are often time-consuming, prompting a need for streamlining. This investigation assesses existing Building Energy Modelling (BEM) workflows for Swedish context of EBC, focusing on extracting building geometry from Autodesk Revit with minimal information losses, and considering both low

The purpose of the article is to present an overview of how convexity serves as a constraint on the semantics of natural language. I begin by presenting four question that a semantic theory should be able to answer. The semantic theory I propose is based on conceptual spaces, which are geometrical or topological structures provided with a betweenness relation. Previously, I have proposed the crite

There are a plethora of methods for solving the classical multi-label document classification problem. However, when it comes to deployment and usage in an industry setting, most if not all the contemporary approaches fail to address some of the vital aspects or requirements of an ideal solution: i) ability to operate on variable-length texts or rambling documents, ii) catastrophic forgetting prob

Early cathedrals in Lund and DalbyThe aim of the article is to present and critically re-evaluate the written end material sources concerning the early cathedrals of Lund and Dalby in Scania, former medieval Denmark and now part of Sweden. The main questions are where and when did exist cathedrals in Scania in the 11th Century, how were their architecture, how can they be dated, and why were there

In spite of the efforts made for canopy water content (CWC) mapping in the community, including vegetation water proxy from microwave-based vegetation optical depth (VOD) as well as optical-based indices, there is still no operational CWC product from optical satellites up to now. To fill this gap, this study proposes a unified algorithm for CWC mapping at both decametric and coarse spatial resoluIn spite of the efforts made for canopy water content (CWC) mapping in the community, including vegetation water proxy from microwave-based vegetation optical depth (VOD) as well as optical-based indices, there is still no operational CWC product from optical satellites up to now. To fill this gap, this study proposes a unified algorithm for CWC mapping at both decametric and coarse spatial resolu

Forest conservation has emerged as a key strategy to achieve global climate goals, yet many forest-rich countries remain underfunded. Cambodia, despite its extensive forest cover and high deforestation rates, accesses only a small portion of climate finance to support national mitigation efforts. Developing countries such as Cambodia access only a small share of the substantial annual for national