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Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a signalling sphingolipid affecting multiple cellular functions of vascular and immune systems. It circulates at submicromolar levels bound to HDL-associated apolipoprotein M (apoM) or to albumin. S1P in blood is mainly produced by platelets and erythrocytes, making blood sampling for S1P quantification delicate. Standardisation of sampling is thereby of great impo

The third version of the world list of cetrarioid lichens contains 572 names representing 149 accepted species. It is presented in a new, electronical form, based on a FileMaker-powered database, allowing users to view data in different sets and to perform searches. Type information is added for most of the names, and new information regarding the phylogenetic status of accepted taxa is introduced

The issue of whether major and rapid global sea-level changes existed on a preglacial Earth can be resolved by the detailed study of the Paleocene-Eocene (P-E) interval, where a large and rapid carbon isotope excursion linked to an important global warming event, the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum, allows for high-resolution correlation between terrestrial, coastal and marine settings. Based pri

Since a tightly regulated complement system is needed for a successful pregnancy, we hypothesized that alterations in complement inhibitors may be associated with idiopathic, recurrent miscarriage. We sequenced all exons coding for three complement inhibitors: C4b-binding protein (C4BP), CD46 and CD55 in 384 childless women with at least two miscarriages that could not be explained by known risk f

PURPOSETo assess children's trust in the care provided to a dying parent during the final week of life in relation to end-of-life medical information about disease, treatment, and death. METHODSThis nationwide population-based survey included 622 (73%) of 851 youths who, 6 to 9 years earlier, at age 13 to 16 years, lost a parent to cancer. We asked about the children's reception of end-of-life pro

Purpose To develop a mathematical model to adjust the timing of computed tomography (CT) scans with the hazard of cancer recurrence in time to facilitate early detection of cancer recurrence. Materials and Methods The clinical data were extracted from the randomized Scandinavian Sarcoma Group (SSG) XVIII/Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie (AIO) trial database. The SSG XVIII/AIO trial was

Class II ribonucleotide reductases (RNR) catalyze the formation of an essential thiyl radical by homolytic cleavage of the Co-C bond in their adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) cofactor. Several mechanisms for the dramatic acceleration of Co-C bond cleavage in AdoCbl-dependent enzymes have been advanced, but no consensus yet exists. We present the structure of the class II RNR from Thermo toga maritima in

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and heavy metals are well known environmental pollutants. Even though numerous studies have been carried out to assess human exposures to these compounds, there is still a lack of data on humans from developing countries, especially in underprivileged children. The objective of this study was to assess the exposure to POPs and heavy metals in children from Dhak

Background/Aims: The most devastating features of Alz-heimer's disease (AD) are often the behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD). There is controversy as to whether subcortical lesions contribute to BPSD. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between BPSD and subcortical lesions (white-matter lesions and lacunes) in AD. Methods: CT or MRI from 259 patients with

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a heterogenic non-Hodgkin lymphoma entity, with a median survival of about 5 years. In 2008 we reported the early based on the median observation time of 4 years results of the Nordic Lymphoma Group MCL2 study of frontline intensive induction immunochemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), with more than 60% event-free survival at 5 years, and no s

Background: Stereotactic functional neurosurgery on basal ganglia has a long history and the pioneers are mostly men. We aimed at finding out if there were women who have contributed pioneering work in this field. Methods: The literature was searched to identify women who have been first to publish innovative papers related to human basal ganglia surgery. Results: Six women fulfilling our criteria

Common swifts are specialist flyers spending most of their life aloft, including night-time periods when this species roosts on the wing. Nocturnal roosting is preceded by a vertical ascent in twilight conditions towards altitudes of up to 2.5 km, behaviour previously explained as flight altitude selection for sleeping. We examined the nocturnal flight behaviour of swifts, as uniquely identified b

Large eddy simulation of diesel spray in a constant volume vessel as well as in an internal combustion engine has been performed. Spray is modeled using Eulerian-Lagrangian approach. The modeling involves primary and secondary break-up, the spray-induced turbulence (SIT) and the stochastic turbulence dispersion (STD) of parcels. Including SIT, based on Baharawaj et al. (2009), in coarse grids, e.g

Subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (Apo) and intrajejunal levodopa infusion (IJLI) are two treatment options for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) and refractory motor complications, with varying cost of treatment. There are no multicenter studies comparing the effects of the two strategies. This open-label, prospective, observational, 6-month, multicenter study compared 43 patients o

Surface structures formed by exposing Ag(111) to atomic oxygen have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory calculations. From the combination of the experimental and theoretical results, a model is proposed for the 0.5 ML oxygen coverage with a c(4 x 8) periodicity. Moreover, we find that a bulk-like Ag2O phase starts to form

Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) causes acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Interleukin (IL)-17A is central for neutrophilic inflammation, and has been linked to COPD pathogenesis.

One way to cool gas turbine tips is to design serpentine passages with 180A degrees turns inside the blades to fully utilize the coolant potential. It is therefore a desire to improve the cooling of the blade tips to ensure a long durability and safe operation. In the present work, a two-pass channel with a 180A degrees turn and various arrays of pin-fins mounted internally on the tip-cap is consi

Nanowires are commonly used as tools for interfacing living cells, acting as biomolecule-delivery vectors or electrodes. It is generally assumed that the small size of the nanowires ensures a minimal cellular perturbation, yet the effects of nanowires on cell migration and proliferation remain largely unknown. Fibroblast behaviour on vertical nanowire arrays is investigated, and it is shown that c