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Thermal-optical analysis is a conventional method for determining the carbonaceous aerosol fraction and for classifying it into organic carbon, OC, and elemental carbon, EC. Unfortunately, the different thermal evolution protocols in use can result in a wide elemental carbon-to-total carbon variation by up to a factor of five. In Europe, there is currently no standard procedure for determining the

We investigated possible hemispheric differences in the processing of four different lexical semantic categories: SPECIFIC (e.g. bird), GENERAL (e.g. animal), ABSTRACT (e.g. advice), and EMOTIONAL (e.g. love). These wordtypes were compared using a dichotic listening paradigm and a semantic category classification task. Response times (RTs) were measured when participants classified testwords as co

Two new Geissleria species from Siberian mountain lakes Baikal and Frolikha are described based on molecular and morphological data. The two new species are Geissleria baicalosimilis Kulikovskiy, Gusev, Andreeva & Annenkova sp. nov. and G. frolikhiensis Kulikovskiy, Gusev, Andreeva & Annenkova sp. nov. According to partial 18S rDNA and rbcL gene fragment analyses, Geissleria does not belon

Purpose: The authors' primary goal was to investigate the potential of past tense inflection as a clinical marker of Danish specific language impairment (SLI). They also wished to test the predictions of the extended optional infinitive (EOI) account and processing based accounts of SLI on Danish. Method: Using sentence completion and sentence repetition tasks, the authors investigated the use of

It is well established that subjects with moderately elevated plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) have an increased risk of development of cardiovascular events. As atherosclerosis is a disease characterized by chronic arterial inflammation, it is possible that moderate increases in CRP level reflect the presence of plaque inflammation. To investigate this possibility we compared plasma leve

Intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase (alk-SMase) generates ceramide and inactivates platelet-activating factor (PAF) and is previously suggested to have anticancer properties. The direct evidence is still lacking. We studied colonic tumorigenesis in alk-SMase knockout (KO) mice. Formation of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) was examined after azoxymethane (AOM) injection. Tumor was induced by AOM alone,

The adsorption of histatin 5 to hydrophilic silica surfaces is governed by electrostatic attractive forces between the positive protein and the negative surface. Hence pH and ionic strength control the adsorbed amount, which can be described by coarse-grained Monte Carlo simulations accounting for electrostatic forces and charge regulation of the protein.

A majority of us will at some point in our lives take care of family members, relatives and friends in need of assistance. How will this affect us? Strain related to life satisfaction (LS) and health related quality of life (HRQoL) among caregivers aged 60 years and older has not been previously studied.

In this Botanical Briefing we describe how the interactions between plants and their biotic environment can change during range-expansion within a continent and how this may influence plant invasiveness. We address how mechanisms explaining intercontinental plant invasions by exotics (such as release from enemies) may also apply to climate-warming-induced range-expanding exotics within the same co

The rural mountain communities have long faced challenges from a range of social, economic, political and environmental factors and the threat from these factors has only intensified due to the current climate change. This study was conducted in South Sikkim, a mountain region located in the Indian Eastern Himalaya, to get a deeper insight of the multitude of barriers and stresses that a poor rura

Reduced heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with poor outcome in patients with heart failure (HF). However, the data on predictive value of RR variability during atrial fibrillation (AF) are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ventricular response characteristics and long-term clinical outcome in the population of ambulatory patients with mild-t

AIM: To assess whether gemcitabine-based combination therapy improves the prognosis of unresectable pancreatic cancer compared with gemcitabine treatment alone. METHODS: A quantitative up-to-date meta-analysis was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of gemcitabine-based combination treatment compared with gemcitabine monotherapy in locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Inclusion was

This work describes and characterizes an algorithm for the nonambiguous reduction of multiexponentially decaying luminescence signals to scalar values of corresponding calibration temperatures. Previous evaluation schemes in phosphor thermometry make use of an intermediate step, where data reduction is achieved by fitting a model equation to phosphorescence decays in order to translate one or more

A cyclohexyl-based POC sp 3OP pincer ligand (POC sp 3OP=cis-1,3-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinito)cyclohexyl) cyclometalates with nickel to generate a series of new POC sp 3OP-supported Ni(II) complexes, including the halide, hydride, methyl, and phenyl species. trans-[NiCl{cis-1,3-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinito)cyclohexane}], [(POC sp 3OP)NiCl] (1 a) and the analogous bromide complex (1 b) were synthesi

In their own view, public transportation companies make a very hospitable offer to commuters: if you are ready to travel with us, we will take you for a reasonable price nearly anywhere, every day and almost at any time of the day, under good conditions of comfort and safety. Please, step onboard. But commuters resist being reduced to the thankful guests of their commuting service providers. Commu

To accurately examine associations of physical activity (PA) with disease outcomes, a valid method of assessing free-living activity is required. We examined the validity of a brief PA questionnaire (PAQ) used in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). PA energy expenditure (PAEE) and time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was measured in 1,94

Costs related to pollen competition have rarely been considered, but are expected in the case of sexual conflict where male and female sexual functions have opposing evolutionary interests. In Collinsia heterophylla, delayed stigma receptivity is beneficial as it enhances pollen competition. A sexual conflict over timing of stigma receptivity has been proposed in this species as early pollination,

Carotenoid-based integument colouration is extremely widespread in the animal kingdom. It has been hypothesized that carotenoid colouration is used for communicating the health status of the bearers because carotenoids are efficient immunomodulators or antioxidants. However, the latter argument has been recently debated and the mechanisms by which carotenoids modulate immunity or oxidative balance