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I Sverige gäller principen om den fria bevisprövningen. Förutom ett fåtal undantag och en generell avvisningsregel i 35:7 rättegångsbalken finns det i princip inga begränsningar om vad som får åberopas som bevisning i en domstol i brottmål. Det har heller inte ansetts oförenligt med lag att ta upp och pröva bevisning som åtkommits på ett olagligt sätt. I USA och Kanada förhåller det sig annorlundIn Sweden, the ruling principle on evidence is that it is allowed to admit almost any type of evidence before a court in a criminal case. There is a few exceptions and general exclusion rule in 35:7 rättegångsbalken, which is used mostly when evidence is clearly not needed in the trial. It is considered possible to admit and use evidence that was gathered through a breach of a constitutional right

I mars 2019 röstade EU-parlamentet igenom Direktivet om upphovsrätt på den digitala inre marknaden (”DSM-direktivet”) som medför förändringar i ansvarsstrukturen för upphovsrättsliga intrång på nätet. Direktivets kanske mest kontroversiella artikel är art 17 som behandlar ansvar för särskilda internetplattformar, så kallade ”onlineleverantörer av delningstjänster för innehåll” (”onlineleverantörerIn March 2019, the European Parliament adopted the Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market ("the DSM Directive") which implies changes in the liability regime of online copyright infringements. Perhaps the most controversial article in the directive is Art 17, which regulates liability on specific internet platforms, so-called "online content-sharing service providers” (

Företagsförvärv är en stor del av vårt näringsliv och har varit det sedan sent 1800-tal efter industrialiseringen. Ett företag byter ägare, en sammanslagning sker eller en verksamhet läggs ner. Resultaten kan vara många och det påverkar samhället i stort likväl som individer. Företagsförvärv delas upp i olika kategorier, vilket möjliggör stor variation, varje förvärv är unikt. I denna uppsats beröM&A is a large part of our business sector and has been since the late 1800s after the industrialization. A company changes owners, a merger takes place or a business is closed. The results can be many and it affects society as a whole as well as individuals. M&A is divided into different categories, which allows for great variation and each acquisition being unique. This thesis focuses on

I takt med att den europeiska arbetsmarknaden blir alltmer mångkulturell och mångreligiös interagerar fler människor med olika religioner och kulturer interagerar på arbetsplatserna. Detta har i flertal fall orsakat intressemotsättningar mellan arbetsmarknadens olika aktörer. Religionsfrihet och förbudet mot diskriminering är två grundläggande mänskliga rättigheter vilka skyddas av Europarätt, EU-As the European labor market becomes increasingly multicultural and multi- religious, an increasing amount people with different religions and cultures interact in the workplace. This has proven to often cause conflicts of interest between the various parties in the labor market. Freedom of religion and the prohibition of discrimination are two fundamental human rights which are protected by Europ

Entreprenadavtal är beteckningen för de avtal då en uppdragstagare åtar sig uppdraget att utföra ett visst arbete åt en uppdragsgivare. När en näringsidkare ingår ett sådant avtal med en konsument reglerar 4–8 §§ konsumenttjänstlagen hur uppdraget ska utföras. När två kommersiella aktörer ingår ett sådant avtal saknas dock en direkt tillämplig lagstiftning. Istället finns väletablerade standardavtConstruction contracts is the term of the contracts where a contractor undertakes the task of performing a certain assignment for an employer. When a business proprietor concludes such an agreements with a consumer, Sections 4–8 of the Consumer Service Act, (konsumenttjänstlagen), regulate how the assignment is to be performed. However, when two commercial actors concludes such an agreement, there

Chaff are thin strips of either metal or metal coated fibres used as countermeasures against radar. When deployed from an airplane, the turbulence and wing-tip vortices from the airplane disperse the chaff into a chaff cloud, which may appear as a false target and jam the radar. A Doppler radar is able to discriminate between chaff and targets by using the Doppler spectra. Such signal processing method

Although feminism is an ideologically-charged concept that allows for various interpretations, Sweden employs a feminist foreign policy with the aim of gender equality. Sweden also seizes the value of feminism in its nation branding efforts. This study problematizes Sweden’s use of feminism as nation branding concept. It aims for understanding how feminism is enacted in Sweden’s nation branding an

We develop methods for estimation, inference and optimization of causal effects from observational data with continuous treatments. We present a counterfactual prediction method based on the potential outcomes framework that estimates the expected value of a potential outcome given a treatment level and confounders. We show that the method identifies the average generalized treatment effect (AGTE)

När jag under min utbildning varit ute på praktik och vikarierat har jag flera gånger stött på begreppet konstnärligt uttryck. Jag har alltid tyckt det var svårt att förstå exakt vad ett konstnärligt uttryck innebär. Därför föddes idén till denna studie om att prata med verksamma sånglärare inom gymnasieskolan och ta reda på mer om hur de jobbar med det konstnärliga uttrycket. Syftet med denna stuWhen I have done internships and worked as a substitute during my education I have come across the term artistic expression several times. I have always had a hard time understanding exactly what an artistic expression means. That is where I got the idea to talk with active singing teachers in upper secondary school to find out more about how they work with the artistic expression. The purpose wit

This study is an evaluation of the peacebuilding missions in Afghanistan, made by the United Nations, in relation to policies of sustainable development. The theoretical framework is borrowed from Peace Ecology, suggesting a foundation for peacebuilding where mankind is reintegrated into nature. It further stresses a need for the return of the commons and a development of local and community-based

In this thesis, the power dynamics underpinning the relationship between USAIDfunded humanitarian organizations and U.S governmental agencies – in relation to the Global War on Terror (GWoT) - are critically investigated. To this end, a Foucauldian lens of ’disciplinary power’ is utilized to uncover U.S governmental agencies’ employment of disciplinary practices categorized as surveillance, correc

This study aims to understand president Duterte’s ’war on drugs’ through human security theory. In order to achieve an analytical framework for human security, two of its subcategories have been used as a theoretical entrance: personal and political security. The study consists of a single case study with an understanding approach to the phenomenon of the Philippine drug war through human security

This thesis investigates the use of artificial neural networks for classifying Raman spectra of partially degraded cellulose samples by fungal species. A multilayer perceptron configuration of 4 hidden layers and 128 hidden nodes was able to classify a set of 60 samples with an overall prediction accuracy of 0.55. Results show that data resolution is an important factor when optimizing classifier

An ongoing trend the last couple of years has been the intense reporting of an increased amount of deliberate vehicle fires in Sweden. As the overall assumption in society is that the number of deliberate vehicle fires is steadily increasing, a statistic model trying to investigate this was made. In 1998, the share of deliberate car fires were estimated to 12%, the same number in 2015 was 38%, ind

Ny antibiotikakandidat upptäckt i levern hos djuphavsfisken Havsmus Två tidigare okända ämnen med antibiotisk aktivitet har renats fram ur havsmusens lever. I havsmusens lever och giftblåsa har också ämnen med toxiska aktiviteter hittas. Dessa substanser kan vara av intresse för framtagning av smärtstillande och bakteriedödande läkemedel. Penicillinet upptäcktes för 100 år sedan av Alexander FleThe liver oil from C. monstrosa (rat fish) has traditionally been used as a natural remedy in the area around Skagerrak, since it is believed to have a wound healing and analgesic effects. On its back the rat fish carries a vigorous venom spine connected to glandular cells, which secrets toxins. A previous study shows that extract from the liver and venom glands had a cytotoxic activity on A. naup

Today's blockchain applications have been inherently created by and for users who understand the blockchain technology. To improve mass adoption of blockchain solutions, the user experience must improve, and the attention must move to users not familiar with the underlying technology. This dissertation starts with reviewing the main concepts of blockchain technology and examining the UX of dif

Is experimental case study on how to design a modern adventure playground using 3D printing and Recycled materials, as a way of integrating minor newcomers.