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Objective. To investigate whether measurements of proinsulin and/or intermediate proinsulin degradation products could be used to differentiate between autoimmune (type 1) and non-autoimmune (type 2) diabetes in young adults. Material and methods. Total proinsulin, intact proinsulin and 32,33 split proinsulin concentrations were measured in 25 patients aged 15-34 years with type 1 diabetes, as def

Background. A quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 virus-like-particle (VLP) vaccine has been shown to be 95%-100% effective in preventing cervical and genital disease related to HPV-6,-11,-16, and-18 in 16-26-year-old women naive for HPV vaccine types. Because most women in the general population are sexually active, some will have already been infected with >= 1 H

PURPOSE: To describe complications and visual outcome of photocoagulation for clinically significant macular oedema. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Evaluation of macular oedema and complications of photocoagulation in 194 eyes, defined as subretinal fibrosis, atrophic creep of the pigment epithelium and subretinal neovascularization was based on stereo fundus photo grading. The study included 25 patients w

Context Inpatients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, warfarin prevents ischemic stroke, but dose adjustment, coagulation monitoring, and bleeding limit its use. Objective To compare the efficacy of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran with warfarin for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism. Design, Setting, and Participants Double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial (20002001)

This non-randomized prospective controlled study evaluates a daily school-based exercise intervention program of 40 min/school day for I year in a population-based cohort of 81 boys aged 7-9 years. Controls were 57 age-matched boys assigned to the general school curriculum of 60min/ week. Bone mineral content BMC; g) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD; g/cm(2)) were measured with dual X-ray abso

Phosphatidylethanol (PEth), a direct ethanol metabolite, is detectable in blood for more than 2 weeks after sustained ethanol intake. Our aim was to assess the usefulness of PEth [comparing sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve (AUC)] as compared with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), calculating the res

To optimize treatment of chronic hepatitis C early identification of patients who will not achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) is desirable. We investigated hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA kinetics at day 1 (in 15 patients; genotypes 1 and non-1, 9 and 6 respectively) at weeks 1, 4 and 12 (in 53 patients; genotypes 1 and non-1, 19 and 34, respectively) during treatment with pegylated interf

ZnWO4, ZnWO4 : Fe and ZnWO4 : Mo crystals were investigated by the methods of time-resolved spectroscopy in the temperature range of 4.2-300 K. It is shown that the Mo and Fe impurities significantly reduce the light yield of ZnWO4. The main 2.5 eV emission of ZnWO4 and the 1.77 eV emission band of ZnWO4 : Mo are shown to originate from the triplet excited state of the WO6 and MoO6 complex, respec

Here, we investigated the importance of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) as a retinyl ester hydrolase (REH). REH activity was measured in vitro using recombinant HSL and retinyl palmitate. The expression of retinoic acid (RA)-regulated genes and retinoid metabolites were measured in high-fat diet fed HSL-null mice using real-time quantitative PCR and triple-stage liquid chromatography/tandem mass sp

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the outcome of minor amputations (through, or distal to, the ankle joint) in patients with diabetes. METHOD: All diabetic patients in a defined population undergoing one or more minor amputation between 1982 and 2006 were investigated according to a standardised protocol and were followed until final outcome (healing or death). A total of 410 consecutive amputations in 309 p

Citizenship is subject of much debate in democratic societies. This can be explained by the fact that the school systems contribute to the reproduction of the political system through the education of good, democratic citizens. Sweden has gone through major ideological change in the past 30 years, the social democratic welfare state has been influenced by neo-liberal ideas regarding government. Th

Oavsett vad en förälder kan ha förordnat genom testamente har bröstarvingar enligt nuvarande arvsreglering alltid rätt till hälften av kvarlåtenskapen, den så kallade laglottsrätten. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka vilka intressen som har motiverat laglottsinstitutets utformning i Sverige, från instiftandet fram till nuvarande reglering, samt vilka argument som framförts för och emot dess bevaraAccording to the present law of succession, the direct heirs of a deceased person have the right to retain half of the property in heritage, the so-called statutory share of inheritance, regardless of what a parent has assigned by will. The purpose of this essay is to examine the interests that legitimate the statutory share of inheritance in Sweden, from its establishment to present regulation, a

Kombinerad bioetanol- och biogas-produktion från vetehalm. Genom ökad torrhalt vid fermentering, samt biogasproduktion från restprodukter, kan lönsamheten för biobränslen att öka. Ökande miljöproblem gällande växthusgaser är ständigt i fokus. År 2007 gav det europeiska parlamentet nya direktiv gällande energipolitiken, där målen var att växthusgaserna i Europa ska reduceras med 20% och att minst 1Currently the production cost of lignocellulosic ethanol is considered to be relatively high. Large fractions of the production cost come from the raw material and the energy consumed in the distillation. Therefore it is desirable to have a process that yields high concentration of ethanol and maximizes the utilization of the biomass. Wheat straw is a promising raw material for lignocellulosic eth

Neural electrodes used for measurements of action potentials in brain cells are often made of gold. These electrodes need to be suciently small to cover only one brain cell, but this induces the problem of increased impedance since impedance scales inversely with surface area. This means that if the surface area is too small, only noise will be measured. One way to overcome this problem is to try

Rätten att straffa förbrytare ställer höga krav på rättssystemet att ha rättvisa och robusta prövningsmetoder som säkerställer objektivitet och opartiskhet i rättstillämpningen. Sedan Ciceros tid innefattar detta att straffa för uppsåtet bakom handlingar, snarare än handlingars konsekvenser. Men hur fastslår vi uppsåt? Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur uppsåt hanteras i svensk rätt, oThe legal right to punish perpetrators of crime places high demands on the legal system to have just and robust methods for the application of law, to ensure objectivity and impartiality. Since the time of Cicero this entails punishing the intent of actions, rather than the consequences of actions. But how do we establish intent? This essay aims to investigate how this area is managed in Swedish

Idag är huvudregeln i Offentlighets- och sekretesslagen (2009:400), OSL, att vårdnadshavaren har rätt att ta del av de uppgifter som dess barn lämnar till alltifrån skolkurator till polis. Detta beror på att vårdnadshavaren har en rätt och skyldighet enligt Föräldrabalken (1949:381), FB, att bestämma i de frågor som rör barnet. I den här uppsatsen tar jag upp de intressen som vägs mot varandra melToday, the main rule in Offentlighets- och sekretesslagen (2009:400), OSL, is, that the parent has a right to access any information, provided by his or her child to everything from the school counselor to the police department. The reason for this, is the parent’s right and obligation, according to Föräldrabalken (1949:381), FB, to decide in questions concerning the child. In this essay I intend

Idén om att processuellt generera artificiella världar är gammal. Metoden används både för CGI effekter i filmer och, framförallt, för tevespel. Det görs av stora företag och mindre studios; av professionella programmerare såväl som nybörjare och hobbyister. Det är ett kraftfullt verktyg som möjliggör även små team att skapa enorma världar. Men även om det finns mycket inspiration att hämta kan deThe idea of procedurally generating artificial worlds has been around for a long time. It is used both for CGI effects in movies and, more prominently, for video games. It is done by big companies and small teams; professionals as well as beginners and hobbyists. It is an instrumental tool that enables even the smallest of development teams to create large worlds. While there is a lot of inspirati

As of date, quantitative trading methods are a strong growing niche of trading. More and more sophisticated models are employed to chase investment opportunities. The question is whether this is over-engineering and if it adds value to practitioners. We have found an interesting quantitative pairs trading strategy that belong to the family of relative value strategies. The studied stochastic contr

Image registration of X-ray images is used to correctly align the patient before the cancer tumour is treated with sets of high dose X-ray radiation. Before the first treatment, a simulated X-ray image is taken showing the best possible localisation of the tumour. From then on, after each of the radiation treatments of the tumour, a low dose of the X-ray theurapeutic radiation is used to take an i

The current COVID-19 pandemic has confused markets and economies, leading competition authorities around the world to consider how to apply competition law in these exceptional circumstances. Competition authorities have introduced tools that have not previously been used in competition law and have succeeded in providing companies with prompt advice in cases of extreme urgency. The COVID-19 crisi